Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are Penicillins?

A

Antibiotics

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2
Q

What do Penicillin treat?

A

Infections usually caused by gram-positive bacteria

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3
Q

How does Penicillin V treat infections?

A

By biosynthesis of cell0wall peptidoglycan

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4
Q

What does Penicillin V treat?

A

Mild-moderate infections e.g. respiratory tract

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5
Q

How does Amoxicillin treat infections?

A

By inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Inhibits cross-linkages between peptidoglycan polymer chains in Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria.

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6
Q

What does Amoxicillin treat?

A

Tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, ear, nose, throat and urinary tract infections.

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7
Q

How does flucloxacillin treat infections?

A

It binds to penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking (its not inactivated by beta-lactamases)

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8
Q

What does flucloxacillin treat?

A

Ear infections, skin infections, bone and joint infections

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9
Q

How does co-amoxiclav treat infections?

A

Interferes with cell wall formation, inhibits action of beta-lactamases.

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10
Q

What does co-amoxiclav treat?

A

bacteria resistant to amoxicillin. It treats sinus, urine and joint infections. Also used before surgery to prevent infections.

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11
Q

What do cephalosporin do?

A

Disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer

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12
Q

What do cephalosporin treat?

A

Ear, nose, throat, lungs, sinuses and skin infections

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13
Q

What are two examples of cephalosporin?

A

cefadroxil, cefotaxime

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14
Q

What does tetracycline do?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis-bacteriostatic

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15
Q

What does tetracycline treat?

A

Pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, acne, infections of skin, treats H.pylori, urinary tract infections.

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16
Q

What are three examples of tetracyclines?

A

Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline

17
Q

What do Macrolides do?

A

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

18
Q

What do Macrolides treat?

A

Respiratory, skin, soft tissue, H.pylori infections ect.

19
Q

What are two examples of Macrolides?

A

erythromycin, clarithromycin

20
Q

What does Trimethoprim do?

A

Binds to dihydrofolate reductase and inhibits reduction of dihydrofolic acid- this inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

21
Q

What does Trimethoprim treat?

A

Urinary tract infections

22
Q

What is Metronidazole?

A

A antibiotic and a antiprotozal drug

23
Q

What does Metronidazole do?

A

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells

24
Q

What does Metronidazole treat?

A

Anaerobic infections, pseudomembranous colitis, stomach, skin, joint and respiratory tract infections.

25
What does Ciprofloxacin do?
Inhibits DNA gyrase and enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA so inhibits cell division
26
What does Ciprofloxacin treat?
A wide range of infections, including urinary tract infections and abdominal infections