Infections Flashcards
What are Penicillins?
Antibiotics
What do Penicillin treat?
Infections usually caused by gram-positive bacteria
How does Penicillin V treat infections?
By biosynthesis of cell0wall peptidoglycan
What does Penicillin V treat?
Mild-moderate infections e.g. respiratory tract
How does Amoxicillin treat infections?
By inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Inhibits cross-linkages between peptidoglycan polymer chains in Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria.
What does Amoxicillin treat?
Tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, ear, nose, throat and urinary tract infections.
How does flucloxacillin treat infections?
It binds to penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits peptidoglycan cross linking (its not inactivated by beta-lactamases)
What does flucloxacillin treat?
Ear infections, skin infections, bone and joint infections
How does co-amoxiclav treat infections?
Interferes with cell wall formation, inhibits action of beta-lactamases.
What does co-amoxiclav treat?
bacteria resistant to amoxicillin. It treats sinus, urine and joint infections. Also used before surgery to prevent infections.
What do cephalosporin do?
Disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer
What do cephalosporin treat?
Ear, nose, throat, lungs, sinuses and skin infections
What are two examples of cephalosporin?
cefadroxil, cefotaxime
What does tetracycline do?
Inhibits protein synthesis-bacteriostatic
What does tetracycline treat?
Pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, acne, infections of skin, treats H.pylori, urinary tract infections.
What are three examples of tetracyclines?
Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline
What do Macrolides do?
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
What do Macrolides treat?
Respiratory, skin, soft tissue, H.pylori infections ect.
What are two examples of Macrolides?
erythromycin, clarithromycin
What does Trimethoprim do?
Binds to dihydrofolate reductase and inhibits reduction of dihydrofolic acid- this inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
What does Trimethoprim treat?
Urinary tract infections
What is Metronidazole?
A antibiotic and a antiprotozal drug
What does Metronidazole do?
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells
What does Metronidazole treat?
Anaerobic infections, pseudomembranous colitis, stomach, skin, joint and respiratory tract infections.
What does Ciprofloxacin do?
Inhibits DNA gyrase and enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA so inhibits cell division
What does Ciprofloxacin treat?
A wide range of infections, including urinary tract infections and abdominal infections
