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Core Drugs List (Yr2) > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What does Insulins do?

A

Promotes absorption of glucose from the blood

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2
Q

What do insulins treat?

A

Diabetes mellitus, usually type 1

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3
Q

What are two examples of insulin?

A

Insulin lispro, insulin glaring, insulin aspart

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4
Q

What does Gliclazide do?

A

Protects human pancreatic beta-cells from hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis

Prevents accumulation of fat in arteries- type 2

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5
Q

What does Gliclazide treat?

A

Diabetes mellitus- type 2

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6
Q

What does Metformin do?

A

Reduce hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis)
increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle

Reduce carbohydrate absorption

Increase fatty acid oxidation

Reduce LDL and VLDL

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7
Q

What does Metformin treat?

A

Type 2 diabetes

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8
Q

What doe Pioglitazone do?

A

Modulates transcription of insulin-sensitive genes
Reduces hepatic glucose output
Increases glucose uptake into muscles

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9
Q

What does Pioglitazone treat?

A

Diabetes mellitus- type 2

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10
Q

What does Gliptins do?

A

Inhibit dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), thus lowering blood glucose

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11
Q

What does Gliptins treat?

A

Diabetes mellitus- type 2

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12
Q

What are two examples of Gliptins?

A

sitagliptin, vildagliptin

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13
Q

What does Glucagon do?

A

Increases blood glucose and causes breakdown of fat and protein
Stimulates glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation (opposite of insulin)

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14
Q

What does Glucagon treat?

A

Hypoglycaemia in unconscious patients and acute cardiac failure

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15
Q

What does Levothyroxine do?

A

Regulates body’s energy and metabolism

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16
Q

What is Levothyroxine?

A

A synthetic form of tyrosine (T4)

17
Q

What does Levothyroxine treat?

A

Hypothyroidism, prevents goiter

18
Q

What does Carbimazole do?

A

Decreases output of thyroid hormone from the gland

19
Q

What does Carbimazole treat?

A

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

20
Q

What does oral corticosteroids do?

A

Reduce inflammation and supress the immune system

21
Q

What does oral corticosteroids treat?

A

Asthma, Crohns, inflammatory bowel disease ect.

In endocrine Addison disease

22
Q

What are three examples of oral corticosteroids?

A

Hydrocortisone (replace cortisol), prednisolone, dexamethasone

23
Q

What does hormone replacement therapy do?

A

Treatment to supply lack of hormone

24
Q

What does hormone replacement therapy treat ?

A

Menopause ect.

25
Q

What are two examples of hormone replacement therapies?

A

Tibolone, Estradiol

26
Q

What does Alendronic acid do?

A

Inhibits osteoclast- mediated bone restoration

27
Q

What does Alendronic acid treat?

A

Osteoporosis and serial other bone disease

Core Drugs List (Yr2) (9 decks)

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