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infection > Infection 3 HIV > Flashcards

Infection 3 HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Effect of suppressed immune system in HIV patient

A

Reactivation/infection of virus
Fungi - yeast + mould
Parasite - Protozoa

Fungi + parasite may not normally cause harm but can do in suppressed IM

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2
Q

Structures of a virus

A

Genome - RNA/DNA
Capsid - protein cell
Lipid envelope- yes/no
Replication strategy

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3
Q

Shapes of capsid in virus

A

Helical - rod shaped or coiled
Icosahedral - spherical

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4
Q

What is the capsid in a virus?

A

Protein shell which protects the genome

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5
Q

How does HIV infect the cell?

A

Infects with CD4 surface receptor
Replicates inside the cell - destroys cell
- causes inflammation
- infects more cells

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6
Q

Modes of transmission of HIV

A

Contact of infected bodily fluids
Medical procedures e.g. skin graft, organ donation
Sexual contact
Mother to baby
Contaminated needles

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7
Q

HIV symptoms

A

oral candidiasis
Kaposi’s sarcoma
PCP - pneumocystis pneumonia
Fever
Weight loss
Malaise
Headache
Thrush
Rash
Nausea + vomiting
Sores in mouth + oesophagus

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8
Q

Two types of test for HIV

A

Blood tests
Rapid tests

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9
Q

Two types of blood tests for HIV

A

Serology
PCR

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10
Q

What does HIV serology detect?

A

HIV antigens Ag
HIV antibodies Ab

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11
Q

Speed of serology

A

Same day result

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12
Q

Are false negatives/positives possible in serology?

A

False negative possible

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13
Q

What does HIV PCR detect?

A

HIV nucleic acid
highly sensitive - detects early infection

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14
Q

What is PCR used for in HIV testing?

A

Follow up/treatment response

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15
Q

What do rapid HIV test detect?

A

HIV antibody in blood and saliva

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16
Q

What do you use for rapid HIV tests?

A

Blood test - finger prick
Oral - saliva
At home testing

17
Q

What do you do if you get positive or negative rapid HIV test?

A

Negative - accurate
Positive - confirm with serology

18
Q

Treatment of HIV

A

No cure - management needed
Anti-retroviral drugs
Testing + screening
Condom usage
PrEP - pre exposure prophylaxis
PEP - post exposure prophylaxis

19
Q

How are anti-retroviral drugs used in HIV?

A

Mix 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with one of: protease inhibitor OR integrate inhibitor OR CCR5 inhibitor

20
Q

Reason for anti-retroviral drugs mixing

A

To overcome drug resistance + viral mutations

21
Q

what is HIV?

A
  • a ssRNA retrovirus which infects cells with CD4+ surface receptors
  • replicates inside cell&raquo_space; destroys cell, causes inflammation + spreading
22
Q

outline retrovirus replication

A
  • virus binds to CD4+ on cell surface
  • virus penetrates + infects cell
  • viral ssRNA > dsDNA by reverse transcriptase
  • viral DNA is integrated into host DNA by integrase
  • viral DNA is transcripted during cell division
  • viral protein chain assemble + bud out of cell
  • virus matures as chain is cut by proteases
23
Q

what are the main symptoms of acute HIV infection regarding:
- systemic
- lymph nodes
- skin
- gastric
- muscle
- mouth

A
  • systemic - weight loss, fever
  • lymph nodes - lymphadenopathy
  • skin - rash, Kaposi’s sarcoma
  • gastric - nausea, vomiting
  • muscle - myalgia (pain)
  • mouth - sore, thrush
24
Q

what factors affect HIV transmission?

A

condom usage
type of exposure
breaks in skin
viral level in blood

25
Q

what 4 factors allow people with HIV to live healthy lives?

A
  • early detection
  • treatment
  • adherence
  • healthy living
26
Q

aims of HIV treatment

A

reduce general inflammation
reduce risk of transmission
normalise lifespan + QoL
reconstitute CD4 count

27
Q

Is HIV single/double stranded + RNA or DNA?

A

Single stranded RNA

28
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection in a patient with HIV?

A

Pnuemocystis jiroveci

29
Q

What count of CD4+ leads to progression into AIDs?

A

<200

infection (16 decks)

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