infection

Question 1

what are the phases of acute infection

Answer 1

1. Incubation - infected, but the pathogens are low. No S+S have developed
2. prodrome - initiated of S+S (Mild and vague), pathogen continue to replicate
3. Ilness - period of significant S+S
4. decline- decline of s+s as elimination of pathogens enhances
5. resolution - S+S disappear, infection has been eliminated

Question 2

Signs and symptoms of infection

Answer 2

fatigue
general unwell feeling
weakness
loss on concentration
reduced appetite
aches
localised symptoms (redness, swelling, pain, heat and puss

Question 3

what is contact transmission

Answer 3

Direct transmission - direct contact with the pathogen (touching genital warts)
indirect transmission - coming into contact with contaminated surfaces containing the pathogen
PPE= gloves and gowns

Question 4

what is droplet transmission

Answer 4

example fluid and COVID
coming into contact with the pathogen 1-2meters
PPE= surgical mask + goggles

Question 5

airborne transmission

Answer 5

example= tuberculosis, chicken pox
float through the air
move the patient into the room with negative pressure
PPE= N95 mask

Question 6

Complex transmission

Answer 6

A disease that is spread by more than one method. eg chickenpox can be transmitted by droplets but in serious cases, airborne can occur

Question 7

Bacterial infection

Answer 7

Group A strep throat.
transmission= droplet, direct contact with skin sores
acute infection= strep throat
complications = rheumatic fever may develop. when your body starts attacking your cells that look like bacteria protein. brain, joints, heart and skin

Question 8

viral infections

Answer 8

influenza viruses
transmission= droplet, direct contact with infected respiratory secretions
infection = affects the upper respiratory tract lining, initiating inflammatory responce
treatment = vaccines help, hand washing

Question 9

fungal infection

Answer 9

transmission= direct and indirect
opportunistic infection = something that generally wouldn’t cause a disease but gets the chance to because the immune system becomes weak, or something else happens that upsets the natural balance.
candidasis= fungus that colonises the human respiratory tract, GI tract or vagina
treatment = cream (miconazole) or an antifungal (nystatin. which has to be applied to the skin)

Question 10

sepsis

Answer 10

The entire body’s inflammation reaction. The immune system overreacts and starts to damage tissues.

Question 11

who is most at risk of sepsis

Answer 11

People who are at higher risk of developing and infection (old people, infants, people with chronic diseases)

people who can not control an infection (decreased immune system)

people in hosptial, using IV needles, women who are pregnant

Question 12

signs and symptoms of sepsis (changes in vital signs)

Answer 12

fever
tachycardia (increased heart rate)
tachypnea (Increased breathing)
decrease in oxygen saturation
hypertension

Question 13

what does testing and treating look like for sepsis

Answer 13

the sepsis six - should be implemented within 1 hour of suspension of sepsis
- blood cultures
- lactate labs
- antibiotics
- iv fluids
- supplement oxygen if needed
- intake and output chart