cardiovascular #1 Flashcards
what is the RAAS
RAAS increases BP by increasing fluid and vasoconstriction.
- kidney makes renin
- renin activates angiotension 1
- ACE converts angiotension 1 into angiotension 2.
This stimulates vasoconstriction and releases aldosterone - aldosterone goes to the kidneys and causes retention of sodium and loss of potassium
what is orthostatic hypotension
it is a drop in BP that occurs with sitting or standing.
Risk factors:
1. old age - change in vascular. can affect how easily the vessels respond to blood flow changes.
2. medications - beta blockers which block out the SNS which is responsible for causing vasoconstriction to increase BP as well as medications that lower the BP
vasovagal responce
risk factor of activating the Parasympathetic nervous system.
treatment:
fluids; reveiw their meds
hypertension
silent killer
asymptomatic
normal BP= 120/80
stage 1 hypertension= 140/90
stage 2 hypertension= 160/100
emergency = 180
cause of hypertension:
- salt in the diet
-sclerosed blood vessels
-kidney disease
complications of hypertension
- aneurysms - artery pokes through the muscle
- damage to the endothelial lining of arteries
- hypertrophy - growth of the heart muscle - smaller cavity, block valve
medications for hypertension
beta blockers - end in olol
block SNS
side effects = orthostatic BP and bradycardia
rebound effect
monitor BP and HR
ACE inhibitor - end in pril
block angioconverting enzymes
side effects = cough
category x - cant take when pregnant
ARBCE - angiotension receptor blockers - end in sarton.
no cough
40hr break between taking with ACE inhibitor
Category X
spironolactone
gets rid of sodium and water; keeps potassium
check potassium labs
loop diuretic - loop of henle
frusimide
gets rid of water
monitor kidney function
monitor potassium
calcium channel blockers
amlodiapine
safest for pregnant women
cause oedema - dont give to patients with bad heart
