Infection

Question 1

What type of MoA are clarithomycin and doxycycline? [1]

Answer 1

Bacteriostatics: stop bacterial growth

Question 2

What type of MoA are phenoxymethylpenicillin ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and gentamycin? [1]

Answer 2

bactericidal

Question 3

When might you alter IV antimicrobials to oral? [1]

Answer 3

After 48-72hrs if the patient has improved clinically

Question 4

How long after starting treatment should you review antibiotic tx? [1]

Answer 4

after 48hrs: can then stop / change / alter route of them

Question 5

Name two antibiotics that do not achieve adeqaute concentrations blood? [2]
Why? [1]

Answer 5

Nitrofurantion
Pivmecillinam

They accumulate in urine

Question 6

Name an antibiotic that causes risk of C. diff [1]

Answer 6

Ciprofloxacin

Question 7

What type of bacteria is E.coli? [1]

Answer 7

gram negative bacillus

Question 8

What type of bacteria is Staph. aureus? [1]

Answer 8

Gram positive, coagulase-positive cocci

Question 9

Which is gram positive? [1]
Which is gram negative? [1]

Answer 9

Gram positive: purple
Gram negative: pink

Question 10

Does ciprofloxacin have more of an activity in gram positive or negative bacteria? [1]

Answer 10

Greater action on gram negative

Question 11

Name a drug that is more selective for gram positive bacteria [1]

Answer 11

vancomycin

Question 12

Describe the MoA of beta-lactam antibacterials [1]

Answer 12

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

CAUSES CELL DEATH

Question 13

Name three examples of classes of beta-lactam antibacterials [3]

Answer 13

Penicillins
Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone)
Carbapenems

Question 14

Describe the MoA of glycopeptide antibacterials, e.g. vancomycin and teicoplanin? [1]

Answer 14

Some members of this class of drugs inhibit the synthesis of cell walls in susceptible microbes by **inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. **The core class (including vancomycin) binds to acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine in lipid II, preventing the addition of new units to the peptidoglycan.[1]

CAUSES CELL DEATH

Question 15

Describe the MoA of macrolides (clarithomycin) and tetracylines (doxycycline) [1]

Answer 15

Inhibit protein synthesis; causing cell from growing

Do not kill the cell

Question 16

Name an aminoglycoside [1]

Answer 16

Gentamicin

Question 17

What is the MoA of gentamicin and other aminoglycosides? [1]

Answer 17

Inhibit cellular process that leads to cell death [1]

Question 18

Name an antibiotic that only works agaisnt anaerobic bacteria [1]

Answer 18

Metronidazole

Question 19

Which drug inhibits bacterial folate metabolism? [1]

Answer 19

Trimethoprim

Question 20

Label A [4], B [3] & C [4]

Answer 20

Question 21

Factors to consider when prescribing an antibacterial drug? [7]

Answer 21

Question 22

Which common causes of pneuomonia dont respond to beta-lactam antibiotics? [2]

Answer 22

Legionella spp (intracellular)
Mycoplasma pneuomniae (no cell wall)

Question 23

Which drug is commonly used for CAP? [1]
Why?

Answer 23

Clarithomycin or erithomycin
Acts intracellularly: covers atypical organsims

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

When prescribing for sepsis, how long should you take to give IV AB? [1]

Answer 26

Within one hour

Subsequent doses then given evenly throughout the da

Question 27

What are examples that are exception to switching to oral AB after 48-72 hrs of IV? [3]

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28