Infection Flashcards
What type of MoA are clarithomycin and doxycycline? [1]
Bacteriostatics: stop bacterial growth
What type of MoA are phenoxymethylpenicillin ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and gentamycin? [1]
bactericidal
When might you alter IV antimicrobials to oral? [1]
After 48-72hrs if the patient has improved clinically
How long after starting treatment should you review antibiotic tx? [1]
after 48hrs: can then stop / change / alter route of them
Name two antibiotics that do not achieve adeqaute concentrations blood? [2]
Why? [1]
Nitrofurantion
Pivmecillinam
They accumulate in urine
Name an antibiotic that causes risk of C. diff [1]
Ciprofloxacin
What type of bacteria is E.coli? [1]
gram negative bacillus
What type of bacteria is Staph. aureus? [1]
Gram positive, coagulase-positive cocci
Which is gram positive? [1]
Which is gram negative? [1]
Gram positive: purple
Gram negative: pink
Does ciprofloxacin have more of an activity in gram positive or negative bacteria? [1]
Greater action on gram negative
Name a drug that is more selective for gram positive bacteria [1]
vancomycin
Describe the MoA of beta-lactam antibacterials [1]
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
CAUSES CELL DEATH
Name three examples of classes of beta-lactam antibacterials [3]
Penicillins
Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone)
Carbapenems
Describe the MoA of glycopeptide antibacterials, e.g. vancomycin and teicoplanin? [1]
Some members of this class of drugs inhibit the synthesis of cell walls in susceptible microbes by **inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. **The core class (including vancomycin) binds to acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine in lipid II, preventing the addition of new units to the peptidoglycan.[1]
CAUSES CELL DEATH
Describe the MoA of macrolides (clarithomycin) and tetracylines (doxycycline) [1]
Inhibit protein synthesis; causing cell from growing
Do not kill the cell
Name an aminoglycoside [1]
Gentamicin
What is the MoA of gentamicin and other aminoglycosides? [1]
Inhibit cellular process that leads to cell death [1]
Name an antibiotic that only works agaisnt anaerobic bacteria [1]
Metronidazole
Which drug inhibits bacterial folate metabolism? [1]
Trimethoprim
Label A [4], B [3] & C [4]
Factors to consider when prescribing an antibacterial drug? [7]
Which common causes of pneuomonia dont respond to beta-lactam antibiotics? [2]
Legionella spp (intracellular)
Mycoplasma pneuomniae (no cell wall)
Which drug is commonly used for CAP? [1]
Why?
Clarithomycin or erithomycin
Acts intracellularly: covers atypical organsims
When prescribing for sepsis, how long should you take to give IV AB? [1]
Within one hour
Subsequent doses then given evenly throughout the da
What are examples that are exception to switching to oral AB after 48-72 hrs of IV? [3]
