Formulation and Administration Flashcards
What is alendronic acid indicated for?
Alendronic acid: bisphosphinate; osteoporosis
Why must you NOT crush alendronic acid? [1]
Name a condition that diclofenac is contraindicated in [1]
Post-Stroke: increases risk of arterial thrombotic events if long term treatment
What is important to note about crushing drugs [2]
If the drug is prescribe as a modified release, then crushing can destroy the modified release mechansim
Give 5 examples of parenteral routes for medication
How do alter vancomycin if it C.diff infection compared to systemic infection?
Hidden excipients:
Name a pathology that below medication is contraindicated in and why [2]
Aspartarme
Hidden excipients:
Name a pathology that below medication is contraindicated in and why [2]
phenobarbitol
Contains alcohol to help dissolve drug; don’t give to child
Hidden excipients:
Name a pathology that below medication is contraindicated in and why [2]
Syrups
Also in diabetic patients
What are the 4 stages of how a body handles a drug? [4]
ADME
Administration
Distrubution
Metabolism
Excretion
Name 4 examples of a drug and a mineral that cause drug not to be absorbed / absorbed less due to chelation [4]
Describe the MoA of colestyramine
binding bile acids, preventing their reabsorption; this promotes hepatic conversion of cholesterol into bile acids; the resultant increased LDL-receptor activity of liver cells increases the clearance of LDL-cholesterol from the plasma.
What is colestyramine indicated for? [3]
Hyperlipidaemias / high cholesterol
Pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction and primary biliary cirrhosis
Diarrhoea associated with Crohn’s disease, ileal resection, vagotomy, diabetic vagal neuropathy, and radiation
What is important to note about colestyramine prescription? [1]
How do you alter dosing because of this? [1]
Binds to other medications taken at same time
Give other medication 1hr before OR 4-6 hrs after colestyramine
Which patient population are MR preperations contra-indicated in? [1]
Ptxs with bowel resections (e.g. ileostomy)
Which patient population do enteric coated preperations need careful consideration with ? [1]
Name a factor that influences IM drug absorption [1]
Blood flow to the muscle: very well perfused muscle has high ab.
Name two drugs that have dramatically different oral and IV dosing [2]
Describe why this is the case
Describe the half-life of morphine and how this influences dosing
Short half life (2-4hrs)
Need to prescribe every 4hrs to so not making pain
Name a drink that ciprofloxin
Milk: Calcium ions form insoluable chelates with ciprofloxacin, making it because sub-therapeutic
When should levothyroxine be adminstered? [1]
Before breakfast
When should simvastatin be administered? [1]
At night
What advice should you give when prescribing alendronic acid about taking the drug? [1]
Take on an empty stomach: food alters the therapeutic effect
State and explain 3 medicines where administering is important at specific times [3]
Antimicrobials:
- Need to achieve therapetuic concentration to tx infection. If not evenly distributed may fall and become sub-therapeutic
Insulin
Nitrates: should be prescribed that there is a nitrate free period of at least 8hrs. Prevents tolerance
Modified release morphine: due to short half-life need to top up doses
Timolol eye drops: short 1/2 life. Failure may cause glaucoma being too dificult to treat
Enteral feeds are given over a lengthy period of time (20-24hrs). Most medicines are fine to administer via the feed.
But how do you alter this if the feed does reduce the absoprtion of the medicine?
Enteral feeds are given over a lengthy period of time (20-24hrs). Most medicines are fine to administer via the feed.
But what if the feed requires the absorption of the medicine, and the medicine is needed to be given frequently? [1]
Why are some medications given subcut? [1]
Little blood flow; means that get slow absorption
Name two conditions where IM injections are contraindicated [1]
Thrombocytopenia
Clotting disorders
