Formulation and Administration Flashcards

1
Q

What is alendronic acid indicated for?

A

Alendronic acid: bisphosphinate; osteoporosis

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2
Q

Why must you NOT crush alendronic acid? [1]

A
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3
Q

Name a condition that diclofenac is contraindicated in [1]

A

Post-Stroke: increases risk of arterial thrombotic events if long term treatment

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4
Q

What is important to note about crushing drugs [2]

A

If the drug is prescribe as a modified release, then crushing can destroy the modified release mechansim

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5
Q

Give 5 examples of parenteral routes for medication

A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

How do alter vancomycin if it C.diff infection compared to systemic infection?

A
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8
Q

Hidden excipients:
Name a pathology that below medication is contraindicated in and why [2]

Aspartarme

A
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9
Q

Hidden excipients:
Name a pathology that below medication is contraindicated in and why [2]

phenobarbitol

A

Contains alcohol to help dissolve drug; don’t give to child

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10
Q

Hidden excipients:
Name a pathology that below medication is contraindicated in and why [2]

Syrups

A

Also in diabetic patients

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11
Q

What are the 4 stages of how a body handles a drug? [4]

A

ADME
Administration
Distrubution
Metabolism
Excretion

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12
Q

Name 4 examples of a drug and a mineral that cause drug not to be absorbed / absorbed less due to chelation [4]

A
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13
Q

Describe the MoA of colestyramine

A

binding bile acids, preventing their reabsorption; this promotes hepatic conversion of cholesterol into bile acids; the resultant increased LDL-receptor activity of liver cells increases the clearance of LDL-cholesterol from the plasma.

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14
Q

What is colestyramine indicated for? [3]

A

Hyperlipidaemias / high cholesterol

Pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction and primary biliary cirrhosis

Diarrhoea associated with Crohn’s disease, ileal resection, vagotomy, diabetic vagal neuropathy, and radiation

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15
Q

What is important to note about colestyramine prescription? [1]

How do you alter dosing because of this? [1]

A

Binds to other medications taken at same time

Give other medication 1hr before OR 4-6 hrs after colestyramine

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16
Q

Which patient population are MR preperations contra-indicated in? [1]

A

Ptxs with bowel resections (e.g. ileostomy)

17
Q

Which patient population do enteric coated preperations need careful consideration with ? [1]

A
18
Q

Name a factor that influences IM drug absorption [1]

A

Blood flow to the muscle: very well perfused muscle has high ab.

19
Q

Name two drugs that have dramatically different oral and IV dosing [2]

Describe why this is the case

A
20
Q

Describe the half-life of morphine and how this influences dosing

A

Short half life (2-4hrs)
Need to prescribe every 4hrs to so not making pain

21
Q

Name a drink that ciprofloxin

A

Milk: Calcium ions form insoluable chelates with ciprofloxacin, making it because sub-therapeutic

22
Q
A
23
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
Q
A
26
Q

When should levothyroxine be adminstered? [1]

A

Before breakfast

27
Q

When should simvastatin be administered? [1]

A

At night

28
Q

What advice should you give when prescribing alendronic acid about taking the drug? [1]

A

Take on an empty stomach: food alters the therapeutic effect

29
Q

State and explain 3 medicines where administering is important at specific times [3]

A

Antimicrobials:
- Need to achieve therapetuic concentration to tx infection. If not evenly distributed may fall and become sub-therapeutic

Insulin

Nitrates: should be prescribed that there is a nitrate free period of at least 8hrs. Prevents tolerance

Modified release morphine: due to short half-life need to top up doses

Timolol eye drops: short 1/2 life. Failure may cause glaucoma being too dificult to treat

30
Q

Enteral feeds are given over a lengthy period of time (20-24hrs). Most medicines are fine to administer via the feed.

But how do you alter this if the feed does reduce the absoprtion of the medicine?

A
31
Q

Enteral feeds are given over a lengthy period of time (20-24hrs). Most medicines are fine to administer via the feed.

But what if the feed requires the absorption of the medicine, and the medicine is needed to be given frequently? [1]

A
32
Q

Why are some medications given subcut? [1]

A

Little blood flow; means that get slow absorption

33
Q

Name two conditions where IM injections are contraindicated [1]

A

Thrombocytopenia
Clotting disorders