Infant GD

Question 1

Cephalocaudal

Answer 1

Eyes before hands

Question 2

Proximodistal

Answer 2

sitting up before fine motor skills

Question 3

Factors Influencing Development

Answer 3

1. Genetics
2. Nutrition
3. Prenatal & environment
4. Family and community
5. Cultural factors

Question 4

Infant

Answer 4

1-12 months

Question 5

Toddler

Answer 5

1 -3 years

Question 6

Preschooler

Answer 6

3-6 years

Question 7

School age

Answer 7

6-12

Question 8

Adolescent

Answer 8

13

Question 9

Neonate

Answer 9

Birth-28 days

Question 10

Erikson 5 stages

Answer 10

1. Trust vs mistrust (Infant)
2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt (Toddler)
3. Initiative vs guilt (Preschooler)
4. Industry vs inferiority (School age)
5. Identity vs role confusion (Adolescent)

Question 11

Anticipatory Guidance

Answer 11

Knowing what to except at various age groups

• to teach parents about health habits, illness, and injury prevention
• will aid in catching a child who may be falling behind
• Help in formulating a plan of care

Question 12

Infancy

Answer 12

(0-1 year)
WEIGHT
-Loose up to 10% of birth weight
-Rapid growth: 1oz per day until 6m old
-Doubles weight by 6m, triples by 1 year

HEIGHT

• Inc by 1in/month until 6m
• Inc height by 50% by 1 year

HEAD
-0.5 inches/month for firth 6m
-Baby's born w/2 fontanelles
(anterior and posterior) 
Posterior closes: 6-8weeks
Anterior closes: 12-18 months

Question 13

New born Vitals

Answer 13

RR: 30-60/min (1 yr 20-30)
HR: 120-160 (1 yr 100-120)
BP: 80/40 (1 yr 100/60)

Question 14

Fetal Hemaglobin

Answer 14

Present for first 5 months of age (shorter lifespan of RBCs

Maternal iron stores diminish at 5-6 months

Digestive system: immature at birth, enzymes don’t start to function until 3 months

Drool due to poor swallow reflex

Amylase and lipase not working until 4-6 months

Question 15

Infant Vision

Answer 15

Birth to 1M: follows object to midline (8-10in away)

2M: Lift and look

3M: Interest in faces, begins to associate visual stimuli and event

4M: hand regard, follows past midline, recognizes familiar objects, follows parents

6M: directed reach, depth perception

7M: transfer objects between hands

10M: object permanence

Question 16

Infant Hearing

Answer 16

Discrimination of mother’s voice at birth

3-6 months localizes sound, begins to understand few words

6-12 months: says first meaningful word

12M: hears and follows command

Tooth eruption: first deciduous tooth 5-6M

Question 17

Infant Motor Development: Gross

Answer 17

Newborns have random, diffuse, and uncoordinated movements. reflexes carry out bodily functions and responses to external stimuli

Head control
1M: marked head lag
by 3M: can hold head up
by 4-6M: good head control

Question 18

Infant Motor Development: Gross 2

Answer 18

By 5M: rolls from belly to back
By 6M: rolls from back to belly

SITTING
by 6M: infant can sit w/support
By 7M: infants can sit alone leaning forward on their hands (tripod)
**By 8M: infants can sit unsupported
by 10M: can go into sitting position from prone or supine

Question 19

Tummy Time

Answer 19

Infant on belly and pushed up on arms

-helps gain control of head

Question 20

Infant Motor Development: Gross: Moving

Answer 20

4-6M: able to push backwards with arms (increased coordination in arms)

8-10M: can crawl forward on belly first

11M: able to creep on hands and knees (belly off floor)

6-7M: can bear all weight on legs

9M: can pull up on things, stand by holding on

10-12M: cruisers (walking w/holding on)

12M: walks well with hand held, takes indep steps shortly after

Most babies walk WELL by 15M of age

Question 21

Refined Pincer grasp

Answer 21

By 12 months (finger foods help with this)