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331: Growth + Development > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Adolescence: Physical Growth (12-18)

A

Height growth in girls is fastest in early puberty

Height growth in boys is fastest in mid puberty

Girls gain 5-20cm (2-8in) in height and 7-25kg (15-55lb)

Boys gain 10-30cm (4-12in) in height and 7-30kg (15-65lb)

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2
Q

Adolescence: Rapid physical Growth (12-18)

A
  • Experience rapid physical growth
  • Typically always hungry
  • Sleep + eat a lot
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3
Q

Adolescence: 12-18 Secondary Sex Characteristics

A
  • Pubic hair
  • Menarche or penis growth
  • Voice changes for boys
  • Underarm hair
  • Facial hair growth for boys
  • Increased production of oil, sweat glands, acne
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4
Q

Adolescence: Puberty Female

A
  • Earliest change in over 80% of girls is breast development
  • Development of pubic hair usually follows in 2-6 months
  • Early in puberty an increase in vaginal discharge
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5
Q

Adolescence: Puberty Female 2

A
  • Menarche usually about 2 years after development of breast buds
  • Mensuration: mean age in US is 12.5 with range of 10.5 to 15 years
  • Puberty delay considered if no breast development by age 13 or menarche within 2-2.5 years of the onset of breast development
  • Precocious puberty is considered if breast or pubic hair occurs before 6-7
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6
Q

Adolescence: Male Puberty

A
  • Testicular enlargement occurs first (9.5-14)
  • Pubic hair begins early in puberty
  • Gynecomastia may occur mid puberty
  • Pubertal delay if no enlargement of testes or scrotum by 14 or if genital growth is not complete 4 years after testicles enlarge
  • Precocious puberty if secondary sex characteristics occur before 9
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7
Q

Adolescence: Stress and Coping

A
  • Inept social performance
  • Social isolation
  • Sexuality
  • Drugs, war, divorce
  • Crowds
  • Gossip
  • Public speaking
  • Death
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8
Q

Adolescence: Note

A

The sudden and rapid changes that adolescents experience typically lend this period of development to be one of self-conscious, sensitivity and concern over one’s own body changes, and excruciating comparisons between oneself and peers

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9
Q

Adolescence: 2 Myths

A
  1. They are “on stage” with the attention of others constantly centered upon their appearance or actions
  2. Indestructible self
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10
Q

Adolescence: Continues brain development

A

Not completely developed until late adolescence

Emotional, physical and mental abilities incomplete

May explain why some seem inconsistent in controlling emotions, impulses, and judgments

FRONTAL LOBE UNDERDEVELOPED

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11
Q

Adolescence: How do these changes affect teens?

A

Usually studied as decision making (steinberg)
-In lab: similarities in adolescents & adult decision making processes

Adolescents are uniquely vulnerable to risk taking

  • Novelty & sensation seeking increase dramatically at puberty
  • development of self-regulation lags behind

Risk taking as a group!

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12
Q

Adolescence: More stuff

A

Frequently sleep longer than 9.5hrs

May be more clumsy because of growth spurts-body parts grow at different rates

Girls become sensitive about weight: 60% trying to loose weight

1-3% have eating disorder

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13
Q

Adolescence: Even More stuff

A

Concerned if not physically developing at same rate as peers - Need to fit in (early vs Late maturation

Feel awkward about showing affection to opposite sex parent

Ask more direct questions about sex- trying to figure out values around sex

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14
Q

What can adults do?

A

Expect inconsistency in responsibility taking and decision making

Provide opportunities for “safe” risk taking

Avoid criticizing/comparing to others

encourage enough sleep

Encourage/model healthy eating

Encourage/model activity

Provide honest answers about sex

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15
Q

Adolescence: Sleep

A

Circadian rhythm changes and they need to sleep later in the morning and stay up later at night

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16
Q

Adolescence: Play

A

Focus: increase reading and language skills, body image, rapid and marked physical growth

Organized and recreational play

17
Q

Adolescence: Safety

A

Motor vehicle safety

Recreational athletic activities

Substance abuse

Firearms

Sex

Depression and potential suicide attemps

18
Q

Psycho-social development

A

Establishing identity

Establishing autonomy

Establishing intimacy

Become comfortable with one’s sexuality

Achievement

19
Q

Adolescence: Erikson

A

Identity vs Role Confusion

  • Comes about through experience and testing: adolescents must have the opportunity to have many experiences
  • Accepting changed body image
  • Establishing a value system
  • Making a career decision
  • Becoming emancipated from parents
  • Integrates opinions of other into own like/dislikes, needs interactions with diverse others for this to occur
  • Once adolescents achieve sense of identity, they are ready to work on sense of intimacy
20
Q

Adolescence: Establishing Identity

A

Accepting changed body image

Establishing a value system

Making a career decision

Becoming emancipated from parents

21
Q

Adolescence: Establishing autonomy

A

Becoming independent and self-governing within relationships

Make and follow through with decisions

Live with own set of principles of right/wrong

Less emotionally dependent on parents

22
Q

Adolescence: Establishing Intimacy

A

Learns intimacy and sex not the same thing

Learned within context of same-sex friendships, then romantic relationships

Develops close, open, honest caring, and trusting relationships

Learn to begin, maintain, and terminate relationships. Practice social skills, become intimate from friends

23
Q

Adolescence: Becoming Comfortable with one’s Sexuality

A

How educated/exposed to sexuality largely determines if healthy sexual identity develops

More than half of high school students are sexually active

Mixed messages contribute to teen pregnancy and STDs

Earlier age of first sexual intercourse, greatly increases risk for STDs

24
Q

Adolescence: Predictors of Sexual Activity

A
  1. Having steady BF/GF
  2. Using alcohol regularly
  3. Having parents with permissive values about sex
  4. Being worries about one’s future occupational success

Implication: focus on more than one risk factor

25
Q

Adolescence: Achievements

A

Society fosters and values attitudes of competition and success

Can see relationships between abilities, plans, and aspirations

Need to determine achievement preferences, what good at, and areas willing to strive for.

26
Q

Adolescence: How do these changes affect teens?

A
  • More time with friends
  • May keep journal
  • More question about sexuality
  • Begin to lock bedroom door
  • Involves in multiple hobbies/clubs
  • More argumentative
  • Interact with parents as people.
27
Q

What can adults do?

A
  • Encourage involvement in groups
  • Praise for efforts and abilities
  • Help explore career goals and options
  • Help set guidelines/consequences
  • Establish rituals for significant passages
  • Know friends and what they are doing
  • Provide structured environment/clear expectations
28
Q

Adolescence: Piaget

A

Formal Operations (12-15)

  • Abstract thinking develops
  • Can develop strategies for improving their learning
  • Think about how they feel and what they are thinking
  • Can symbolically associate thoughts with abstract concepts (future, careers, planning ahead)
  • Graining advanced reasoning skills
  • Concepts of self: very self absorbed, think that everyone is thinking about them
  • Sometimes not able to come out of their own egocentrism to think about others.
  • Can think about non-concrete things like faith, trust, beliefs, and spirituality
  • Way of thinking “it can happen to others, but it can’t happen to me” (INVINCIBILITY)
  • Capable of seeing other perspectives
29
Q

Adolescence: How do these changes affect teens

A

Heightened self-consciousness

Believes no one else has experienced feelings/emotions

Tend to become cause-oriented

Tend to exhibit a “justice orientation”

It can’t happen to me syndrome

30
Q

What can adults do?

A

Don’t take it personally when teens discount experience

Discuss their behavior rules/consequences

Provide opportunities for community service

Ask teens their view and share own

31
Q

Adolescents: Value Autonomy

A

Young adolescents at Kohlberg’s stage of “Conventional level of moral reasoning”
-Absolute moral guidelines

Older adolescents at Kohlberg’s stage of “Principled moral reasoning”
-Concrete rules and guidelines questioned

32
Q

Adolescence: Social development

A

Rely less on their parents, more on themselves

Increasing time and energy spent on relationship building outside the family

Sexuality and body image

331: Growth + Development (14 decks)

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