Inert

Question 1

what is FAI

Answer 1

Femoral acetabular impingement syndrome
Where there are morphological abnormalities with other acetabulum and/or the femoral head coupled with excessive movements resulting in damage to soft tissues within the hip

Question 2

What is a CAM FAI

Answer 2

Where there is extra bone grown on the anterior/lateral surface of the femoral head/neck junction.
Resulting in a non-spherical femoral head
When in flexion or LR there is a steering force applied to cause damage to the articular surface

Question 3

What is a PINCER FAI

Answer 3

Where the acetabulum covers too much of the femoral head. This can either be via deep or retroverted, most commonly anterior
This causes damage to the labrum and cartilage

Question 4

What is a sprain and why

Answer 4

The bands of collagen fibres that connect 2 bones together have been overstretched resulting in tears
This happens typically due to the relative joint being suddenly and or forcefully moved past its natural ROM.

Question 5

Common sprain sites

Answer 5

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, ATFL, CTFL, ACL

Question 6

Sprain classifications

Answer 6

Grade 1: Micro tears, localised pain, no visible bruising or swelling, minimal loss of function, NO LAXITY
Grade 2: Partial tears, immediate inflammatory response, swelling, bruising, some loss of function ROM, some instability
Grade 3: Complete rupture, Joint instability, Immediate acute pain, often a noise on injury

Question 7

What is a frozen shoulder and what anatomical things does it happen to

Answer 7

1. pain
2. reduced ROM
3. Spontaneous recovery
4. ant/sup joint capsule
5. axillary recess
6. corocohumoral ligament

Question 8

Patho of frozen shoulder

Answer 8

• Synovial inflammation followed by capsule fibrosis leads to type 1 and 3 college fibres being laid down
• Elevated levels of serum cytokines results in tissue repair and remodelling
• Unbalance of aggressive fibrosis and college remodelling results if stiffening of the capsule and ligaments

Question 9

what is osteoarthritis and the patho

Answer 9

Chronic, degenerative, cell-activated response, degradation of cartilage matrix

• H2O content increased
• changed to the articular cartilage
• Fibrillation
• Fissures
• Synovial membrane changes
• gross ulceration

Question 10

Types of meniscal tears

Answer 10

• Longitudinal
• Bucket handle
• Radial
• Flap
• Horizontal
• degenerative/complex

Question 11

2 categories of medical injuries

Answer 11

Acute: Trauma, slight flexion, weight-bearing, rotation
Degenerative: older population, limited trauma

Question 12

What is shoulder instability

Answer 12

Where there has been an overstretch/tear of the labrum or ligaments, making the shoulder more prone to dislocations and subluxations

Question 13

Types of shoulder dislocations

Answer 13

Bankart lesion
Where the ligament is torn away from the bone with force: requires anterior stabilisation surgery

Anterior labrel periosteal avulsion 
Humeral avulsion of the GH ligament 
Bony Bakart 
Hill-Sachs lesion 
SLAP tear