Brain injury Flashcards
1
Q
Types of Brain injury
A
ABI and TBI
2
Q
Types of ABI
A
Traumatic and non-traumatic
3
Q
Causes of TBI
A
- Road traffic accidents
- Slipping and falling
- Sports-related
- being hit in the head
- violently shaken
4
Q
Severity rating
A
Minor: LoC- less than 15 mins, Amnesia- less 1h
Moderate: LoC- 15m-6h, Amnesia- 1h-24h
Sever: LoC: 6h-48h, Amnesia- 24h-7d
V. Sever: LoC 48h+, Amnesia- 7d+
5
Q
Types of TBI
A
Closed
- Sudden acceleration/deceleration/change of direction
- the brain is traumatised/rattled within the skull
- blood vessels can rupture causing bleeding around/ between the brain and skull
- can result in diffusion axon injury: which is where there is a separation/disturbance between the white and grey matter
Open
injury than causes the skull to be penetrated common if hit with a sharp object
Crushed
The brain is compressed between 2 things
6
Q
Types of brain bleeds
A
Epidural: Above the dura
Subdural: Below the dura
Subarachnoid: Only thing below it is the brain
7
Q
Signs and symptoms of a TBI
A
- Difficulty concentrating
- Head pain
- Nausea
- dizziness
- vomiting
- Change in emotions
- Changes in consciousness
- altered memory
- dilated pupils
- difficulty breathing
- clear fluid leaking from the eye, nose, ears
- bruising and swelling
- changes in speech
- changes in vision such as blurred
8
Q
Anoxic and hypoxic what is and their possible causes
A
Anoxic: complete loss of oxygen supply to the brain, Hypoxic there is still a small amount of oxygen.
Possible causes Extremely low BP after a trauma Chocking Suffocation Carbon monoxide poisoning Severe asthma attack Near drowning Exposure to high altitudes electric shock attempted suicide
9
Q
Signs and symptoms of anoxic brain injury
A
All signs and symptoms are depended on what area of the brain has been affected possible: Loss of consciousness confusion dizziness nausea/vomiting changes in behaviour or sensation
