Cardiac disease Flashcards
What is CVD (cardiovascular disease)
CVD is a general term for conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. it also is known to affect the arteries of the kidney, eyes, and brain.
There are 4 main types
- CHD
- CVA/TIA
- peripheral vascular disease
- aortic disease
What is CHD (coronary heart disease)
CHD is the narrowing of the coronary arteries
- AKA: Ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease
there are 3 key types
- Angina
- Miocardial infarction
- heart failure
What is angina and its types
Angina is a type of CHD
It is chest pain due to inadequate oxygen to the heart muscle, the pain is normally transient
They are 4 types
- Stable: predictable eg after sports
- Unstable: not predictable, no demand is being placed on the heart
- variable: when the coronary arteries spasm
- microvascular: involves the smallest vessels
What is an MI
Myocardial infarction is where the blood supply to the heart is severely impacted or cut off.
The result of this is ischemia of the heart muscle and scar formation
What is heart failure
The heart is unable to pump blood around the body. This could be due to stiffness or weakness of the muscle and a common cause is MI
Symptoms that cover angina, MI, and heart failure
- Shortness of breath
- sweaty clammy hands and skin
- swollen legs and feet
- Pain/pressure/discomfort around the chest/shoulders/ upper abdomen/jaw
- dizziness
- nausea or vomiting
- rapid heart rate
- palpitation
- fatigue feeling weak
What is heart valve disease
- a diseased or damaged value.
- it can affect any/all 4 valves
- if the valve doesn’t open properly: obstructs or restricts blood flow
- if the valve doesn’t close properly: blood can leak backwards
Possible risk factors for cardiac issues
- age
- obesity
- diabetes
- lifestyle
- smoking
- diet
- Alcohol
- psychological wellbeing
- family history
- blood pressure
- cholesterol
