Industrial Toxins

Question 1

What are the Aliphatics (refined petroleum)

Answer 1

Short Chain - Methane, ethane, propane, butane
Long Chain - Kerosene, gasoline, distillates
Chlorinated - chloroethylene, chloroform, tetrachloride

Question 2

Both crude oil and refined products are highly irritant to

Answer 2

Skin and MM

Question 3

Some oils contain chlorinated naphthalenes that cause bovine

Answer 3

Skin hyperkeratosis

Question 4

Which compounds are generally more toxic and by which route

Answer 4

More volatile compounds (Low boiling point/viscosity)

By inhalation - pneumotoxic

Question 5

Short chain aliphatics have ___ toxicity but are very ____

Answer 5

low toxicity but very volatile

** Methane, ethane, propane, butane

Question 6

Long chain aliphatics cause

Answer 6

Aspiration pneumonia

**Gasoline, kerosene, distillates

Question 7

Chlorinated aliphatics affect the

Answer 7

CNS

Question 8

Aromatic hydrocarbons cause

Answer 8

bone marrow suppression

Question 9

Absorption of petroleum products is inversely proportional to

Answer 9

molecular weight

Question 10

Which form of hydrocarbons is more readily absorbed

Answer 10

Polycyclic

Question 11

What is the most important clinical sign for petroleum products

Answer 11

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 12

What is contraindicated for petroleum product removal

Answer 12

Emetics and gastric lavage (aspiration)

Glucocorticoids

Question 13

Mode of action of organochlorine (DDT)

Answer 13

Alters sodium-potassium transport across membrane
Repolarization doesn’t occur, NA channels stay open allowing random firing (seizure)

** Neurotoxin

Question 14

What does DDT cause in birds

Answer 14

Eggshell thinning

Question 15

Why does DDT bioaccumulate

Answer 15

Long half life - 15 yrs

Stored in fatty tissue

Question 16

What is the major source of fluoride

Answer 16

Natural in forages especially legumes growing in fluoride rich soil

** seeds do not accumulate fluoride

Question 17

Fluoride has a strong affinity for

Answer 17

Calcium

Question 18

Is acute or chronic fluoride toxicosis more common

Answer 18

Chronic – herbivores (dairy cattle)

Question 19

Where is fluoride stored in the body

Answer 19

Bones and teeth

Question 20

Clinical signs for acute fluoride toxicosis

Answer 20

Rapid onset (30 min)
Gastroenteritis
Clonic seizures
Death from resp/cardiac failure

Question 21

Clinical signs of chronic fluoride toxicosis

Answer 21

Slow onset (6-12 mo)
Intermittent lameness, painful stiff
Bony protrusions, spontaneous fracture
Brown teeth
Emaciation, rough coat

Question 22

From where should you take a sample for analysis with fluoride toxicosis

Answer 22

Bone (metatarsal/carpal, rib, pelvis, mandible)