Industrial And Post Industrial Development Of Sport

Question 1

Industrial revolution

Answer 1

• was a 🔑 period In British history which witnessed massive changes in the way people lived their lives
• it led more of the population being concentrated in towns and cities working in factories, as opposed to living in the countryside and working off land
• the influence of the industrial revolution on the development of rationalised sport changed over the 19th century

Question 2

The development of rational recreation

Answer 2

-As Britain changed into and industrially based society, sport and pastimes in a number of different ways, reflecting such societal changes. They were no longer popular recreations but rational recreations

Question 3

What does rational suggest?

Answer 3

• that the level of order, logic and structure began to be applied to sports such as football, reflecting a more ordered industrial based society
• consequently this led to a number of social cultural factors that developed into mass sport in such a society

Question 4

What is rational recreation?

Answer 4

-in the 19th centaurs these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled.

Question 5

Socio cultural influences on the development of rational recreation

Answer 5

• the industrial revolution was a key period in British history which witnessed massive changes in the way people lived their lives
• the influence of the industrial revolution on the development of rationalised sports and pastimes changed over the 19th century
• during the first half of the 19th century, the initial effects were often negative

Question 6

Negative effects: rationalised sports: first half of the 19th century

Answer 6

• lack of leisure time: the shift from ‘seasonal’ to ‘machine my leading to 12hr working days, 6 days a week
• lack of income: low wages and poverty were evident, with little spare income for leisure persists.
• migration of the lower classes into the cities: looking for work in the new factories being built- lead to loss of space to play traditional mob games and overcrowding- no room for mob football.
• poor health: along with poor living and lack of hygiene, also meant people had little energy to play sport
• loss of rights: restrictions were placed on mob games and blood change in criminal law
• a lack of public provisions: no access to private facilities or no personal equipment for the lower class

Question 7

Remember : HITFOR

Answer 7

H - poor Health and Hygiene

I - lack of Income

T - lack of Time

F - lack of Facilities being provided

O - Overcrowding and lack of space

R - loss of Rights

Question 8

Characteristics of industrialisation and the impacts on recreation

Answer 8

Poor health: lack of hygiene ability to play sport due to illness

Lack of income: couldn’t afford to pay for leisure pursuits

Long working days: less time, the sabbath was followed which means Sunday was the day of rest

Lack of public provision: no facilities or equipment for the lower class

Migration of lower classes into urban areas: less space for recreational past times

Loss of rights, changes in criminal laws: restricted mob games and blood sports due to ‘criminal activity’

Question 9

Wenlock games

Answer 9

• are a forerunner of the modern Olympic Games. They are organised by the wenlock Olympian society, and occur originally at Venus across Shropshire
• established on the 25th feb 1850
• founded by dr William penny brookes
• first games were a mixture of athletics and traditional country sports, such as quoits, football and cricket. Events also included running, hurdles and cycling on penny farthings.
• 1860- became wenlock Olympic Games
• people would parade and walk around with music playing

Question 10

Participation in outdoor recreations:

Answer 10

• was an important means of promoting such improvement with prizes offered for successful participants taking part
• rules were written and they drew athletes all over the country. In the early games, there were also fun events, blindfolded wheelbarrow races and an ‘old woman’s race’
• pageantry and celebrations was important

Question 11

Key term: dr William penny brookes

Answer 11

The founder of the wenlock Olympian games in 1850

• as well as holding the wenlock Olympian games, dr William penny brookes and the wenlock Olympian society campaigned for physical education to be on the school curriculum and promoted the benefits of sport and exercise nationally
• they founded with others the national Olympian association who held their first festivals i. 1866 at Crystal Palace attracting 10,000 spectators
• baron Pierre de cobertin visited the Olympian society in 1890