Incontinence Flashcards
What are the different types of urinary incontinence?
Stress Urge Mixed Overflow Continuous
Pathophysiology of stress incontinence
Urine leakage when intra-abdominal pressure exceeds urethral pressure
Most commonly due to weakness of pelvic floor muscles
Risk factors for stress incontinence
Post-partum Constipation Obesity Post-menopausal Pelvic surgery
Pathophysiology of urge incontinence
Overactive baldder - detrusor hyperactivity
Uninhibited bladder contraction, rise in intravesical pressure - leakage of urine
Causes of urge incontinence
Neurogenic
Infection
Malignancy
Idiopathic
What is mixed incontinence?
Combination of stress and urge incontinence
Pathophysiology of overflow incontinence
Complication of chronic urinary retention
Progressive stretch of bladder wall - damage to efferent fibres of sacral reflec and loss of bladder sensation
Bladder fills and becomes distended - intravesicular pressure builds - constant dribbling of urine
Causes of overflow incontinence
Chronic urinary retention
Prostatic hyperplasia
What is continuous incontinence?
Constant leakage of urine
Conservative management of stress incontinence
Pelvic floor muscle training
Duloxetine (serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)
Conservative management for urge incontinence
Anti-muscarinic drugs
Bladder training
Surgical management for stress incontinence
Tension free vaginal tape
Surgical management for urge incontinence
Botulinum toxin A injections
