InClass-Priests Movement Flashcards
Where did the missionary priests mainly come from?
the seminary of Douai in the Netherlands founded by William Allen in 1568
Why did missionary priests from the seminary of Douai in the Netherlands place emphasis on confession?
as it was a purely Catholic practice which they had hope would arouse a sense of reborn faith and commitment to proclaim rather than hide one’s faith
When did the first 4 missionary priests from the seminary of Douai in the Netherlands arrive in England?
1574
In 1574, 4 missionary priests from the seminary of Douai in the Netherlands arrived in England, how many arrived by 1580?
100 more
What was another name for missionary priests?
secular priests (not members of the Society of Jesus)
Were the missionary priests rescuing the dying embers of a church or simply fanning the flame of a slow burning but still strong faith. What argument is there regarding this?
continuity thesis or discontinuity thesis
In what year were bishops instructed to provide the government with the numbers of recusants within their diocese?
1577
What year were 2 priests executed for denying the Royal Supremacy?
1578
Why were 2 priests executed in 1578?
for denying the Royal Supremacy
What was the second wave of Catholic missionary activity?
this was an impetus (alot of activity) provided by the English members of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Who was the order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by in 1540?
the Spaniard Loyola
What year was the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by Spaniard Loyola?
1540
What had founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), Loyola, not intended?
that the order act as an anti-Protestant weapon
How is it clear that founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), Loyola, had not intended that the order act as an anti-Protestant weapon?
as Jesuits fundamentally sought to convert non-Christians in parts of the world Christianity had previously been known
Regardless of the traditional practice of Jesuits to sought to convert non-Christians in parts of the world Christianity had previously been unknown, how were they unrivaled as a force against Elizabethan ENgland?
they became a force to re awaken loyalty to the Catholic Church, to encourage recusancy and to attract converts from Protestantism.
What made the Jesuit priest so effective?
the use of Loyola’s devotional technique known as Spiritual Exercises.
How was the devotional technique known as Spiritual Exercises a powerful tool which made the Jesuit priest so effective?
as under their guidance, a layman would often find that such meditation led to a profound outpouring of religious feeling and emotion, leading to a new founded commitment.
Who was the first two Jesuit to arrive in England in 1580?
Campion and Parsons
What year did the first two Jesuits, Campion and Parsons, arrive in Engalnd?
1580
What did Parsons, Jesuit priest, do upon arrival in 1580?
he set about building up an organisation based on safe houses which the previous missionary priests failed to do.
Why was it effective of Parsons, Jesuit priest, to set about building up an organisation based on safe houses which the previous missionary priests failed to do, in 1580?
as under Vagrancy laws, deep-set localism and suspicion of foreigners, this made a stranger without discernible purpose vulnerable
Who did Catholic priests rely on for the safe houses and protection, set up by Parsons upon arrival in 1580?
the Catholic gentry class
What year was Campion captured in a hiding hole in Berskshire manor house due to high detection rates?
1581
What was Jesuit priest, Campion, offered after being arrested in 1581, due to his status in England amongst the Queen and nobility?
a senior post if he would turn his back on Catholicism
What resulted in Campions refusal to turn away from Catholicism and claim a senior post in the Church?
he was tortured and died a traitors death of hanging, drawing and quartering in 1581
The Queen moderated a bill passed through Parliament in 1581 which made what the penalty for saying mass, rather than what was suggested by the Commons to be the death penalty?
200 marks and a year imprisonment
What did the arrest of Throckmorton in 1583 expose plans for?
for an invasion of England by French Catholic forceswith Spain and the Pope as the paymaster, as Parsons and Allen as the instigators
What year was Throckmorton arrested and exposed plans for an invasion of England by French Catholic forces with Spain and the Pope as the paymaster, as Parsons and Allen as the instigators?
1583
Who was arrested in 1583 which exposed plans for an invasion of England by French Catholic forces with Spain and the Pope as the paymaster, as Parsons and Allen as the instigators?
Throckmorton
When was the assassination of Protestant leader William of Orange?
1584
Who was assassinated in 1584?
the Protestant leader William of Orange
Why was it a threat to England that the Spanish commander, Parma appeared to be all too close to finally subjugating the Netherlands in 1584?
as this would have made the perfect opportunity for a Spanish invasion
Who was the 1585 Act against?
Jesuit priests, seminary priests and other such disobedient persons
Under the 1585 Act, what was ordered?
that any Catholic priest ordained since the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign was to leave the country within 40 days
Between the years of 1585-1603, of the 146 Catholics put to death, how many were under the 1585 Act?
123
What year was the Throckmorton plot?
1583
What year was the Babington plots?
1586
What was the result of the Throckmorton and Babington plots of 1583 + 86 which was positive for the government?
this compromised the reputation of Catholics in general, and further justified the government’s stance
Why did the 1580’s represent a worsening international situation for Elizabeth?
as Philip II of Spain became increasingly convinced of the need to invade England.
Who was the Pope of the 1580’s?
Pope Sixtus V
What did William Allen expose about English laymen Catholics in his 1584 pamphlets?
that both priests and laymen continued to support the Queen despite the Bull of excommunication by Pope Pius V
What year were the pamphlets issued where William Allen exposed that English laymen and Catholics, both priests and laymen continued to support the Queen despite the Bull of excommunication by Pope Pius V
1584
What year were Spanish fleet ready for invasion (Armada)
1588
What did the secular priests emphasise?
that there was a continuity between themselves and the traditional pre-Reformation Church in England
What kind of war ensued between the Jesuits and Appellants?
a pamphlet war
What did pamphlet writer and Appellant Watson argue?
that the Queen had been mild and gracious towards Catholics and loyalty to the Pope did not include supporting enemies of England
What were Appellants such as Watson who argued that he Queen had been mild and gracious towards Catholics and loyalty to the Pope did not include supporting enemies of England, given access to?
to printers who would normally refuse to handle Catholic material
By what year had the Appellants won at least part of their case on Rome when Pope Clement VIII instructed Blackwell to refrain from consulting with the Jesuits and gave him a reminder of the extent of his powers?
1602
Who supports the discontinuity thesis as they have denied that there was significant continuity between the Catholicism of the pre-Reformation Church and the Catholicism of the mid 1580’s?
Dickens
What is the continuity thesis?
That Catholicism remained strong until the third decade (1590s) of Elizabeths reign and that the Marian priesthood were effective until they began dying due to old age.
What is the discontinuity thesis?
That Catholicism withered relatively quickly reflected by the lack of numbers of the Marian priests but was saved by missionary priests which then transform not a religion of the gentry
Why did Catholicism become an increasingly strengthening threat to Elizabeth? (4)
- Deteriorating relations with Catholic Spain
- Excommunication in 1570
- Presence of Mary Staurt 1568
- Question of succession
When did Mary land in England?
1568
