INCASS-Elizabeth and Parliament Flashcards
19th century historians such as J.Lingard believed that Elizabeth continues the process of using Parliament to do what?
to rubber stamp constitutional and religious changes which were essentially executive decisions
What did early 20th century historians such as Pollard and Neale forward in regards to Parliament?
that under the Tudors Parliament gradually evolved until it reached maturity under the reign of Elizabeth where resistance lay in the Puritan element.
Which historians forwarded the idea that under the Tudors Parliament gradually evolved until it reached maturity under the reign of Elizabeth where resistance lay in the Puritan element.
Pollard and Neale
early 20th century historians such as Pollard and Neale belive that Parliament was willing to challenge the government and the decision of the Privy Council; which element did they believe charged the resistence?
the “puritan choir”
What did early 20th century historians such as Pollard and Neale say was sustained and substantial in regards to resistance?
the puritan choir
early 20th century historians such as Pollard and Neale believed that the Puritans maintained a consistent opposition campaign to Elizabeth and her government and forced what/?
a radical settlement in 1559 and further religious reform in the 80’s
What did 19th century historians such as J.Lingard forward about the presence of Parliament under the Tudors?
that it played little part in the centralisation of government and administration under Henry VIII
Little importance under Somerset and Northumberland and Mary
Elizabeth used it as a rubber stamp
Who did early 20th century historian Neale believe lead the Puritan Choir in Parliament?
Wentworth
What happened to Wentworth who was believed to have led the Puritan Choir in Parliament?
HE was so outspoken in his criticism that he was imprisoned in the Tower and died in 1597
Which interpretation became strongly entrenched as the orthodox view on the subject?
early 20th century historians such as Pollard and Neale that Parliament evolved until it reached maturity under the reign of Elizabeth where resistance lay in the Puritan element.
What was the new argument forwarded by Elton and Graves in the later part of the 20th century?
That too much had been read into the existence of the Puritan Choir; and that it was actually the Queens executive servants who used the legislature to get round her obstinacy.
Who criticised early 20th century historians Pollard and Neale for trying to explain 18th century upheavals through Elizabeth’s reign?
Elton and Graves
What has Woodward said about the conflict between Parliament and the Crown?
that often we look to find a conflict when actually the monarch acted in and through the greater council, his Parliament
Who forwarded the view that the process did not go beyond the normal pattern of evolution which one would expect over a 40 year period?
Graves and Elton, later 20th century historians
what has happened to The Neale thesis that the Elizabethan House of Commons was moving into incident (developing) opposition to the crown?
it no longer holds credibility after historians such as Graves and Elton have disproven this theory
While Parliament may not have developed under Elizabeth into an oppositional institution what was it quite capable of doing?
of showing opposition on specific issues
How did Neale summarise Parliament at the beginning of the 16th century?
as a legislative and taxing body, with its meetings intermittent
Neale summarised the function of Parliament at the beginning of the 16th century as a legislative and taxing body, with its meeting intermittent; however how does he describe Parliament by the end of Elizabeths reign?
as a political force with which the Crown and government had to reckon
Neale believed that the development of an alleged Puritan Choir created a group within Parliament with a distinctive alliterative programme. However who later in the 20th century argued that this was not so and rather underpinned the 1530’s as the pinnacle of Parliamentary changes?
Elton
Where did Elton underpin the pinnacle of Parliamentary development?
1530’s
Why does Elton suggest that in the reign of Elizabeth that the political debates in Parliament and Commons never achieved anything without monarchal consent?
as the monarch was entirely free to ignore them and usually did so
During the reign of Henry VIII, the emphasis of Parliament had been in its involvement in all stages of constitutional change which gradually led to the emergence of what?
supremacy of statute law over all other forms
Who in the 1560s wrote that the most high and absolute power of the realm of England was Parliament?
Sir Thomas Smith
Why was there arguably a mid Tudor crisis?
as Edward was a child and Mary was a woman
how were the religious swings between 1547-1558 achieved?
through Parliament
Religious settlements entrenched the changed relationship between Crown and Parliament and what had been considered as privilege during the 1530’s became what by 1550s?
habit and convention
The size of the HOC had risen to 400 by 1559, what had it risen to during Elizabeths reign?
462
How was Parliament still reliant on the Crown?
it depended on the Crown for its summons and its duration
How many Parliaments had Elizabeth called during her reign?
10
Elizabeth called 10 Parliaments during her reign, how many months did this total in her 45 year reign?
36 months
After the initial settlement, what were subsequent Parliaments summoned very much for?
specific purposes or to carry out normal business of government
What are 3 examples of specific reasons for calling Parliament?
- Northern Rebellion of 1569-70
- Mary Queen of Scots &Plots
- Catholic activity in 80s
What is an example of a time when the HOC took it upon themselves to try to make provision for the succession through pressuring her to marry and provide an heir?
while she was suffering from smallpox in 1563
What was a major problem in most sessions of the HOC?
Absenteeism
What may have led to over estimating the numerical importance of the Queen’s critics?
due to the problem of absenteeism
Absenteeism was a major problem within the HOC and has since led to over estimating the numerical importance of the Queen’s’ critics; how can this be explained?
as it was not so much that they were gaining in numbers compared with her supporters, but rather that the latter were unreliable in turing up a
What indicates that Parliament normally functioned in co-operation with the government?
the fact that the Privy Council was concerned to maximise membership
Why was there sometimes an irregular minority who were given temporary and disproportionate influence?
by the unpredictable patterns of attendance
What 2 things were attempted to enforce attendance?
bills, though they failed to et through
fines were imposed from time to time but did not become systematic
What did absenteeism deprive the HOC of?
a coroporate identity
What possibly led to being identified as an opposition?
absenteeism which on occasion gave a disproportionate voice to the vociferous minority
What evidence did Neale give for forwarding the believed that the role of the HOC in legislation increased during the reign of Elizabeth?
the existence of a journal from 1547.
Who challenged Neale’s argument that the existence of a journal from 1547 reflected the HOC increasing role in legislation by stating that records had been kept long before then and that any refinements were part of a process and of no political significance ?
Graves
What did Graves argue against Neale’s argument that the existence of a journal from 1547 reflected the HOC increasing role in legislation
stating that records had been kept long before then and that any refinements were part of a process and of no political significance
The composition of the Lords underwent little change- at least after the first year when most of who were replaced because of their objection to the nature of the religious settlement?
bishops
It has been estimated that up to what fraction of the lay peers owed their titles directly to the queen?
1/3
Elizabeth inherited a nation divded along _______________ and ruled a country that had just been ______________________ and now threatened by the candidature of ___________________.
religious lines
humiliated by the loss of Calais to France
threatened by the canditure of Mary Queen of Scots to the throne
What direction did the Puritan Choir try to move the Church of England further in?
Calvinsim
In what year was a campaign launched to replace the Prayer Book by the Form of Prayers with was then being used in Geneva?
1584
In what years did a substantial part of the Commons-not just the Puritan Choir- attempt to put pressure on her to fulfil her duty to the dynasty and marry?
1563, 66 and 67
Who challenged the Queen;s right to demand that no further discussion be had over her marriage in 1566?
Wentworth
In what year did Wentworth challenge the Queen’s right to demand that no further discussion be had over her marriage?
1566
Elizabeth had certain reluctance to make any more use of Parliament than was absolutely necessary. When did Elizabeth even express her displeasure at Puritan Bills? (6 years)
1566 1571 1572 1586 1587 1593
Why has it been argued that actually the increase in the size of the HOC during Elizabeths reign could not been seen as a threat to the power of the Crown; it was actually in reverse.
as the majority of the new members were royal nominees and reliable members of the aristocracy.
Where were many new seats created (3)all of which had large royal duchies?
Cornwall, Lancashire, Isle of Wight
Who did the Privy Councillors use to put pressure on the Queen over specific issues such as her marriage and the execution of Mary Queen of Scots?
Puritan Choir
What did Elton point out about the concept of “Puritan opposition”
that it was a misleading concept
