Incident Safety Officer Text Flashcards
5 elements of rehab
ISO text
R- rest- stabilize vitals, should return to normal.
E-energy nutrition- provisions for balanced food nourishment to sustain energy and mental activity
H- hydration- ff needs 4-8 oz every 15-20 min of sweating
A- accommodation for weather- shelter from hot or cold is very important
B- BLS monitoring and care- EMS should make judgment whether ff can return based on vitals
Min distances, apparatus operating near exposed distribution wires & electrical conductors. ISO pg 107
0-50k v- 10’ 3m 50k- 200k v - 15’. 4.5m 200k-500k v - 20’. 6.1m 500k- 750k v - 35’ 10.7m 750k- 1million v -45’. 13.7m
6 phases of a ventilation controlled fire Pg 83 ISO text
IIVEFD
- Ignition phase - events bring together heat fuel and oxygen to start self sustaining process of combustion.
- Initial growth phase – fire growth is controlled by proximity of burning or burnable fuels
- Ventilation limited phase – compartmentalized fire condition, open flames decrease because smoke production displaces availability of combustion air.
- Explosive growth phase-occurs when air is re-introduced into a ventilation controlled fire causing smoke to flame over and rooms to flash over.
- Fully developed phase-explosive growth typically leads to total flame involvement of the interior flow path.
- Decay phase – available fuel becomes consumed fire begins to wane.
What does the acronym MEDIC stand for in ISO text?
Pg 156
M- monitoring issues – give new iSO overview of incident, when last recon trip was made, describe risk taking level.
E- evaluation – note hazards, rehab effort and concerns regarding crew fatigue.
D- develop preventative measures – share details of safety zones and no entry zones and note mitigation measures.
I- interventions – note any firm interventions that took place.
C- Communication - new IS0 needs to be aware of radio channels established ASO needs to be informed of the transfer.
Describe five steps of the hazard control risk management process
Pg 24 ISO text
IEPCM
Step one – identify the hazard – is a real time process of monitoring the incident, environment and activities.
Step two – evaluate hazard - a value is established in the terms of frequency and severity.
Step three - prioritize hazard – low frequency -low severity
- mod freq - mod severity
- high freq - high severity
Step four - control hazards (mitigation) to reduce the potential for accidents and injuries.
Mitigation hierarchy
- Elimination
- Reduction
- Adaption
- Transfer
- Avoidance
Step five- monitoring hazard - Constant monitoring can lead to proactive hazard control.
Mitigation hierarchy – step four of hazard control strategies risk management process
ERATA
Elimination Reduction Adaptation Transfer Avoidance
From the ISO text what does MEDIC stand for?
M – monitor issues E – evaluate hazards D – develop preventative measures I – intervention note firm interventions C - communication
Describe the 5 steps of the hazard control risk management process in the ISO text pg 25
IEPCM
Step one - identify the hazard Step two - evaluate the hazard Step three - prioritize the hazard Low frequency - low severity Mod frequency- mod severity High frequency- high severity Step four - control hazard (mitigation) mitigation hierarchy - elimination - reduction - adaption - transfer - avoidance Step five - monitor hazard
Under step 4 of the 5 step risk management process it speaks to 5 service mitigation hierarchy to a preferred order of hazard control strategies. List the five.
ERATA
- elimination – reduction – adaptation – transfer – avoidance
Defining principle hazards of a structure fire. ISO text 177
HBHC
- hostile fire events – flashover, Backdraft, explosive growth
– building geometry – layout, size, number of floors, access options - collapse potential – fires in voids, basements, above drop ceilings pose rapid collapse threats. Pressurized tan, brown or darkening smoke from structural areas of a modern building, lightweight wood building is a collapse warning
– hazardous energy – explosions and electrocution.
ISO text speaks to instances that fire departments call for a PAR, list the four examples that were given. Pg 183 ISO text.
– anytime operational mode has changed (offensive – defensive)
– anytime an incident benchmark has been achieved eg (all clear, fire under control)
– Following the report or witnessing flashover or collapse
– after report of missing or trapped fire fighter (mayday)
Explain what is meant by rescue profiling in the ISO text page 181
- the probability that a victim will survive a given environment within a given building space or compartment
- classifications high, marginal and zero.
– High rescue profile – rescue effort good * indications -clear windows minimal smoke stand windows obvious smoke thermal balance.
– Marginal rescue profile – space indicates a danger to occupants and rescuers but no evidence of zero rescue *indications - fast thick dark smoke not turbulent but fill the space, intact dark stained windows, spaces have collapsed but did not become fire involved.
– Zero rescue profile – areas where conditions are simply not survivable * indicators -fully developed fire in the space, turbulent black dense smoke filled space, deeply stained windows with heat stress cracks, floor level temps over 300°F, areas that have collapsed and rapid fire involvement.
List five categories of building construction
Type 1– fire resistive construction Type 2 - non-combustible construction Type 3 - ordinary construction Tape 4 - heavy timber construction Type 5 - wood frame construction.
How to predict building collapse ISO text page 670
Step one – classify building construction
Step two – determine structural involvement
Step three – visualize and trace loads
Step four – evaluate time
Step five - predict and communicate collapse potential
Define VVDC with regards to reading smoke
V = volume – the amount of fuels that are offgassing in a given area V = velocity – pressure that has built up in the building D = density – thickness of the smoke indicates how much fuel is laden in the smoke C = colour – the colour of the smoke indicates material burning, distance to fire, temperature of the smoke
What is the three-step process for reading smoke?
1 – view smoke VVDC, compare differences from each opening which smoke is emitting
2 – analyze contributing factors and determine if they are affecting VVDC
3 – determine rate of change of each attribute
Recognize or identify the warning signs of flashover
Flashover – turbulent smoke-filled compartment – ghosting – vent point ignition – rapid change in smoke volume and velocity (getting worse in seconds)
Recognize or identify warning signs of Backdraft
Backdraft
– Yellowish gray smoke from cracks/seams
– bowing black stained windows
– closed pressurized box with signs of extreme heat
– sucking and puffing from cracks and seams of closed box
Recognize or identify warning signs of smoke explosion
– smoke trapped in separate space above fire
– signs of growing fire
– signs of smoke starting to pressurize
Recognize or identify warning signs of flame over
Flame over
– increased smoke speed
– ghosting
– laminar flow of smoke becomes turbulent
– smoke flowing from hallways and stairways faster than fire fighter can move
What is the three step reading risk model from the ISO text? pg 99
CI. A. JR
- collect information
- analyze
- judge risk
Step 1– collect information
- read building or environment
- read smoke or event causing harm
- read firefighters
Step 2 - Analyze
- define principle hazards
– determine if survivable spaces for victims
– compare rate of change with fire ground clock
– determine what is to be gained by fire service actions
Step 3 Judge risk
- acceptable
- unacceptable
List 4 options that help the ISO trigger safe behaviour
pg 146
– being visible/passive
–setting an example/passive
– soft intervention/active
– firm intervention/active
List items you might find on an incident action plan briefing sheet
PG 155 ISO
- overall strategy – benchmarks – risk profile – tactical priorities/objectives – crew assignments – CAN report – PAR‘s –hazard issues/status – safety systems - radio channels - incident name - incident location
Name three ergonomic stressors you might find an incident
pg 127 ISO text
- physical setting
- worker relationship to setting
- task requirements
Physical setting
–surface conditions
– temperature variations
– size or geometry of the workspace
Worker relationship to setting
-body mechanics – bending down, standing – ascend or descend – pulling, twisting and pushing – speed or pace – in some cases the relationship is size dependent
Task requirements
– energy required to accomplish task
– limited staff, primary factor for injuries
– types of tools and equipment also need to be considered

What are five components of rehab? pg 136 ISO text
R - rest - Time to stabilize vitals, reduce core temperature, mental and physical break from incident
E - energy nutrition - provisions for balanced food nutrition to sustain energy and mental activity
H - hydration - drinking water can’t be over emphasized for rehab, fire fighter needs 4 to 8 ounces for every 15 to 20 minutes of work, electrolytes need to be replaced
A - accommodation for weather - remove or shield firefighters from weather conditions heat/cold
B - BLS - EMS crew should be assigned to working fire incidents. EMS can advise if fire fighter can return to incident duties based on their best judgement and vital signs
Describe the Dodson/Vavra action model pg165 ISO text
DVISO action model Is a four arena model that allows ISO to mentally analyze typical incident activities and concerns
resources/recon/risk/report act in the centre
List three heat related injuries discussed in the ISO text
Heat cramps
– painful muscle spasms
- electrolytes not balanced
– dehydration
Heat exhaustion
– early form of hypothermic shock due to loss of water and electrolytes through sweating
- cool clammy skin that may be ashen or gray and may be accompanied by dizziness, nausea and or headaches
– medical attention is warranted
Heat stroke
- failure of bodies cooling mechanisms
– change in behavior, decreased mental alertness
– hot, dry, flushed skin
–considered a medical emergency
List three cold related injuries discussed in the ISO text
Frost nip
-local injury usually fingers, nose, ears and toes
- no pain, pale skin and loss of sensation
– rewarming is usually all that is necessary
Frostbite
- freezing of the skin tissue, severity is gauged by the depths of the frozen tissue
– cold hardened skin may appear whitish or blueish in colour
– medical attention is warranted
Hypothermia
-lowering of the bodies core temperature
– can be rapid in wet conditions
– once core temperature drops below 95°F 35°C signs and symptoms develop indicating the need for medical attention
– uncontrolled shivering, loss of concentration early indicators
– loss of coordination, confusion, lethargy and cardiac arrhythmias
– immediate medical care is required
Transfer of ISO function
MEDIC is used as a memory aid for ISO responsibilities and information that needs to be passed when transferring ISO function to another person
What is the difference between a ISO and a HSO?
Pg 12 ISO
The ISO roll is an incident command position and the HSO role is a management position.
Describe the safety responsibilities with the following positions.
IC ISO CO FF
- IC is ultimately responsible for the safety of an incident
- ISO is delegated to the hazard MEDIC responsibility
- CO complete tactical directives in a safe manner, ensure FF’s operate as a team using appropriate PPE
- FF appropriate PPE, performing tasks as trained and maintaining team discipline.
What is the operational safety triad?
Pg17 ISO 
PPE
- Procedures, personnel and equipment
What are four qualities of a good OG?
CEST
Simple language
Clear direction
Tested technique
Easy interpretation
Define risk management
ISO pg 27
The process of minimizing the chance, degree, or probability of damage, loss or injury.
Define risk
The chance of damage, loss or injury
When does the ISO respond?
All working residential fires and highly technical or complex incidents
The primary loadbearing portions of the building are called structural elements name three elements
Columns, beams and connections
What is a hybrid building?
combines two more of the five building types in a single building
Niosh reports over the last 20 years that five factors are repeatedly to blame for LODD, civilian losses, near misses and significant injuries what are they?
RAICO
They include inadequate or improper - risk assessment - accountability – incident command – communications – 0G‘s or failure to follow
Truisms for predicting collapse
ISO text page 72
– the lighter the structural elements the faster the structure comes down
– heavier the imposed load the faster the structure comes down
– wet cooled steel buys time
– gravity and time are constant, resistance is not
– the window for interior operations in lightweight buildings has been reduced
– there is no safe time window for interior operations when a building is under construction, being renovated, or being disassembled. This is a definite no go situation and you should always establish a defensive attack
– brown or dark smoke coming from lightweight engineered wood products means that time is up
Define black fire
- high volume,
- turbulent velocity
- ultra dense
- deep black, a sign of impending auto ignition and flash over
Under the five step risk management, Hazard Priorities are categorized how?
Identified hazards should be judged as low, moderate, or high in terms of frequency and severity 
Reading fire fighter
Ergonomic stressors, name three.
- physical setting
- worker relationship to setting
- task requirements
Reading fire fighter
Ergonomic abatement strategy, name three
AAA
- awareness
– accommodation
– acclimation
Cooling methods
Active/passive explain
Active cooling is from an external source including misting fan, cold wet towels, forearm immersion
Passive cooling is removal of bunker gear
Study shows active cooling is 50-60% more effective than passive cooling
Incident safety officer responsibilities
ISO text Pg 12
M - monitor E - evaluate D - develop I - Intervine C - communicate
Intervene
Firm intervention
Soft intervention
Explain the difference
- firm intervention - a direct order to stop alter suspend or withdraw responders to prevent harm. IC must be notified of any firm intervention via radio as adjustment to IAP may be necessary
- soft interventions are used for hazards presenting potential harm or damage typically communicated face-to-face
List responsibilities of the ISO
PAP 422
EEEAR
– evaluate risk of incident
– evaluate resources advise command of recommendations
– ensure personnel comply with health and safety measures
– assist in monitoring and rotation of crews
– rectify any immediate safety hazard through coordination with command
List factors that influence reading smoke
Page 88 ISO text
– weather
– thermal balance
– container size
– firefighting efforts
List three ISO traps
– bunker cop
– CYA mode
– worker mode
Name three ergonomic abatement strategies
– awareness
– accommodation
– acclimation 
Building collapse hazards
ISO text page 222
- falling loose debris – instability – secondary collapse – poor air quality – hazardous energy – weather – blood-borne pathogens – difficult access/escape – sharp rugged debris – poor footing
Collapse classification
– basic/surface
– light
– moderate
– heavy
Two types of collapse
– partial
– general
Explain the difference between partial and general collapse
– partial collapse the building can accept the failure of a single component and still retain some strength
– general collapse is a complete failure of the building to resist gravity
To make a operational environment safer using safety triad, what needs to be done?
– constantly evaluate, update and coach with solid risk management concepts
Describe the hazard medic action model
Medic is used as a memory aid for ISO responsibilities and info that needs to be passed when transferring the ISO function to another person
What is the operational safety triad?
– personnel
– procedures
– equipment
To make operational environment safer what needs to be done?
CUE
– constantly evaluate, update and coach with solid risk management concepts
