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GCSE RE > Incarnation > Flashcards

Incarnation Flashcards

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1
Q

The incarnation

A

Means “made flesh”. God takes on human form

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2
Q

The meaning of the incarnation

A

Jesus was fully human and fully God
He experienced human life- God knows it’s difficulties
God’s love helps Christians feel closer to him
God shared in humanity fully

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3
Q

Emmanuel

A

A jewish name meaning God is with us.

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4
Q

Features of Luke’s annunciation

A

The focus is on Mary’s role
Mary has a choice (free will)
Gabriel’s message is for all believers

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5
Q

Luke’s annunciation summary

A

Tells the story of how Mary is visited by the angel Gabriel who told her Jesus’ll be concieved through the power of the Holy Spirit

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6
Q

Quote from Luke’s annunciation

A

“He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High”
Luke 1:32

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7
Q

Matthew’s annunciation features

A

Focus is on Joseph’s role
Jesus is sent to Earth by God to save humans
named “Emmanuel” - confirms Jesus’ll be the son of God

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8
Q

Summary of Matthew’s annunciation

A

Joseph planned to divorce Mary but an angel visits him in a dream and tells him Mary’s child was concieved by the Holy Spirit

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9
Q

Quote from Matthew’s annunciation

A

“For the child concieved in her is from the Holy Spirit…he will save people from their sins”
Matthew 1:20-21

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10
Q

Similarities between Luke and Matthew’s annunciation stories

A

God works through human beings to carry out his plans for them
Mary was a virgin
Jesus was conceived by the holy spirit
An angel annonced Jesus’ birth

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11
Q

(God) Father

A

Monotheist, judge, creator and source of all things.
We serve him through prayer and love
He brings us life

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12
Q

(God) Holy Spirit

A

Power in the world today
Helps people to pray
Represented by a dove
Is a witness
Always present

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13
Q

(God) Son

A

God in human form
Light of the world
Helps connect us with God
Helps deliver the word of God
We pray to God in Jesus’ name
Joins us with other believers

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14
Q

The word of God

A

The Word (Jesus) is:
-eternal
-God’s self expression
-giver of life, light and guidance
-united with God yet distinct from him
“The word was God, and the word was with God…and the word became flesh.”

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15
Q

Son of man

A

Emphasises Jesus’ fully human side
Jesus began teaching that the son of man must undergo great sufferring (Mark 8:31)

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16
Q

The Son of God

A

When on trial in Jewish court for blasphemy he is asked if he is the messiah, son of God, blessed one and he replies “I am” (Mark 14)
Shows that he is fully God
He limited himself to the human condition while on Earth

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17
Q

(Teachings of John’s Gospel) “In the beginning was the word”

A

The word existed before all things. Other gospels only show when the word was a human. But this shows it existed before everything else

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18
Q

(Teachings of John’s gospel) “The word was God”

A

A word is an expression of one’s thoughts and Jesus is an expression of God

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19
Q

(Teachings of John’s gospel) “The word was with God”

A

Suggests there is a distinction between God and the word.
The word is the expression of God’s power

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20
Q

(Teachings of John’s gspel) “ The word became flesh”

A

Statement of the incarnation.
The word is a part of God which took on human nature and became a full human being

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21
Q

(Teachings of John’s gospel) The word as an expression of love

A

Jesus is God’s gift to humans and helps us learn how to respond to God’s love.
Jesus’ teachings were an offer we could accept or reject.
Christians believe following God is a choice

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22
Q

Ichthus

A

A greek word meaning fish. Whoever recognised the sign of the fish believed in “Jesus Christ, the son of God and saviour”. Used by Christians being ruled by romans and jews because it was easy to draw and only recognised by christians

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23
Q

Letters of Ichthus

A

I- Iesous (Jesus)
Ch- Christos (Christ)
Th- Theou (of God)
U- Uios (son)
S- Soter (savior)

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24
Q

Alpha and Omega

A

First and last letters of the greek alphabet. Jesus and God are involved in everything from begining until end. Used to refer to them in the book of Revelations. Used in Churches, vestements and drawings and the Paschal Candle (the candle used at Easter to show the risen Christ)

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25
Q

Chi-Rho (looks like an x on top of a p)

A

Forms first letters in the greek word for christ. It is an affirmation that Jesus is the messiah and the annointed one of God who was sent to save the world

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26
Q

Why would Christian symbols still be used today

A

Christians are still persecuted in places like North Korea, Somalia, Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan

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27
Q

Reasons against religious artwork (Contrasting Views)

A

God is infinite and cannot be portrayed accurately through finite means.
“You shall not make for yourself and idol”-it could seem as though the statue is being worshipped
Can give a false impression about God, for example, being an old man with a beard
Goes against second commandment
Best way to worship is to serve others
Some think the statue itself is being worshipped

28
Q

Reasons for religious artwork (Catholic Attitudes)

A

Statues of Jesus can help us concentrate on his human nature, various teachings and qualities
Only the person signified is being worshipped (not the statue)
Reminds us that God was incarnate
Art can highlight spiritual ideas

29
Q

Christ the redeemer staue (Rio, Brazil)

A

Divinity- he’s big and overlooks the whole area
Humanity-stretched arms similar to his crucifixion (he also looks like a man)

30
Q

Crucifix statues

A

Humanity- show jesus at his weakest point, mortal
Divinity- destined to die from his birth
Jesus freed us from sin and death through his sacrifice on the cross

31
Q

Sacred heart statues

A

Divinity- heart shows his love for all humans
Shows his peace and love

32
Q

The writings of St Irenaeus

A

Shows that the incarnation brings God and humans closer together, describing Jesus as a meeting point between heaven and earth. Jesus displays God’s qualities meaning that people gain a better understanding of God through him.

33
Q

St Irenaeus quote

A

“Jesus is the glory of God; a human who is fully alive”

34
Q

Baptism

A

When a person becomes a member of the church, water is poured on their head, symbolising washing away of sins. Happens once in a life.

35
Q

Effect of baptism

A

The person becomes a child of God

36
Q

Confirmation

A

When a person chooses to confirm that they’re a member of the church, they’re annointed with holy oil. Happens once in a life

37
Q

Effect of confirmation

A

Their faith is strengthened and deepened. Power of the holy spirit is renewed in thier life.

38
Q

Eurcharist

A

The recieving of concecrated bread and wine, the body and blood of christ
Happens on a regular basis (at mass)

39
Q

Effect of the eucharist

A

They revieve the life of christ. Help’s them grow in God’s love

40
Q

Marriage

A

When a man and a woman give their consent to be married. Usually once in a lifetime.

41
Q

Effect of marriage

A

The couple accept that God’s love will be active in their lives

42
Q

Ordination

A

Becoming a priest, bishop or deacon. Involves the laying on of hands and the annointing of hands with chrism. Symbolises passing on the power of the holy spirit. Can happen once for each position.

43
Q

Effect of ordination

A

They commit themselves to God and the Church. Given power to consecrate at mass, preach and pass on God’s forgiveness during confession.

44
Q

Reconciliation

A

When a person confesses sins to a priest and they’re forgiven. Can happen regularly

45
Q

Effect of reconciliation

A

Their relationship with God is restored

46
Q

Sacrament of the sick

A

When a very ill person is annointed with oil. Can happen more than once in a lifetime

47
Q

Effect of the sacrament of the sick

A

Gives them strength and forgives sins

48
Q

Purpose of the sacraments

A

A sacrament is a moment of grace when God’s love is received fully
believed to sanctify a person’s life
therefore it deepens our relationship with God
“outward sign of inward grace”

49
Q

Sacraments in terms of the incarnation

A

God was distant before the incarnation

When Jesus left he gave us visible, tangible signs of God’s presence - the sacraments

The sacraments make God present for all time
Eg Eucharist

50
Q

Sacramental nature of reality

A

the world (and everything in it) is created by God, so it is a sign of God’s love
therefore we call reality sacramental
(as we experience God’s love (grace) through the sacraments)

51
Q

Heresy

A

Belief that goes against the teachings of the Catholic Church

52
Q

Apololistic exhortation

A

Letter from the pope, encouraging catholics

53
Q

Original punishments for heritics

A

Excommunication, but from the 12th/13th centuries punishment ranged from a pilgrimage, to whipping or, if their heretical belief wasn’t publicly taken back, execution

54
Q

Verbum Domini (a letter/apostolic exhortation by Pope Benedict)

A

“eternal word became small enough to fit into a manger … so that the word could be grasped by us” - emphasises Jesus’ humanity - balances Dei Verbum which could suggest that Jesus only appeared to be human

55
Q

Second vatican council on incarnation

A

“…he sent his son… so that he might dwell among men and tell them of the innermost being of God” - from Dei Verbum - emphasises Jesus’ divinity

56
Q

Uk law on abortion

A

1967 Abortion Act states it’s legal if it’s authorised by two doctors on at least one of these grounds
-less than six months pregnant
-the pregnancy creates physical/mental health risk to the mother or existing children
-it risks the life of the woman
-risk of physical or mental abnormalities to the child.

57
Q

Imago dei

A

All life comes from God (genesis) and humans are “made in the image of God” meaning all life is holy.
The most vulnerable life (unborn child) needs to be protected (sanctity of life).
The whole person is present from conception

58
Q

Evidence that the whole person is present from conception

A

“As soon as I heard your greeting the child in my womb leaped for joy”-Mary’s cousin, Elizabeth
Catholics interpret this as the child being fully alive and present

59
Q

Countries against abortion

A

Most Latin American countries.
In 2020, El Salvadorian woman, 34, was released from 15 years of imprisonment for having an abortion
2021, Texas banned any abortion after six weeks of pregancy.
Poland has a near total ban

60
Q

Pro life organistaions

A

Often supported by catholics, they aim to ban abortions or reduce the number of weeks at which it’s allowed. Catholics may support pro life because of the sanctity of life or the ten commandments

61
Q

Sermon on the mount

A

A sermon (talk) by Jesus which gave a set of rules and values to apply to life to please God. Built on old testament laws - make them more perfect. Jesus speaking from a mount makes him like the new Moses, who gave the 10 commandments from Mount Sinai.

62
Q

Teachings of the sermon on the mount

A

Don’t commit adultery - Even looking at someone lustfully is wrong

Don’t commit murder - Don’t even get angry at them

An eye for an eye - don’t take revenge

People’s attitudes are more important - they please God

63
Q

Beatitudes

A

Blessed are:
The poor in spirit
Those who mourn
The meek (inherit the earth)
Those who hunger to do gods will
The merciful (receive Mercy)
The pure in heart (see God)
Peacemakers
Those who are persecuted for righteous causes

64
Q

Differences between Luke and Matthew’s annunciation stories

A

Gabriel appears to Mary in person and to Joseph in a dream
In Luke, he is named Jesus, and Emmanuel in Matthew
Joseph did not question the role he had to play (Mary did)

65
Q

What is grace?

A

God’s love
It gives us the strength to do what God wants
Flows from the trinity to our hearts
Brings us closer to God

GCSE RE (11 decks)

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