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GCSE RE > Eschatology > Flashcards

Eschatology Flashcards

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1
Q

What does eschatology mean

A

Echatos=last
Logy=study of
ie study of what will happen at the end of time

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2
Q

Paschal candle

A

-Large candle with an important role in many church services, especially the Easter Vigil
-represents the risen Christ, light of the world
-an artefact that enables us to share in Jesus’ resurrection

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3
Q

Easter Vigil

A

Service during darkness between Easter saturday and Easter sunday

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4
Q

Significance of the Paschal candle

A

-the priest lights a fire representing the light of christ rising from the tomb. The paschal candle is lit from this fire; the light of Christ overcomes sin and death
-priest inserts 5 grains of incense into candle, represents the 5 wounds of christ
-priest traces the alpha and omega; christ is eternal
-the light of this candle lights people’s candles. All can share in overcoming sin and death

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5
Q

The Paschal candle is also lit at:

A

-baptisms: shows that the person is filled with Christ’s light
-funerals: the deceases had joined Christ in resurrection

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6
Q

Signs of the end of time

A

The Bible says there’ll be cosmic disasters and frightening events.
“The sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, the stars will be falling from heaven”(Mark 13:24)

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7
Q

VC2 Teachings on the end of time

A

No-one is predestined for heaven or hell; people have free will to accept or reject God
God doesn’t send people to hell, they send themselves
People should constantly prepare for the end of time by following Jesus’ teachings
“Since we know not the day nor the hour… we must be constanty vigilant”(Lumen Gentium 48)

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8
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) Jesus

A

-his right hand is raised (parable of the sheep and goats)
-he’s in the centre (importance)
-he is muscular (he and everyone else are in their perfect form)
-Jesus+Mary are clothed. This is to respect them. A naked Mary could’ve been seen as blasphemous

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9
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo)
All except Jesus and Mary are naked

A

all people are equal before God, and all will be judged equally

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10
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) angels with books

A

There’s an angel with a big book of names of those who’ll got to hell. Another has a smaller one of those who’ll go to heaven.
-reminds us that we shouldn’t be complacent and assume we’ll get into heaven

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11
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) Crown of thorns

A

There’s an angel with a crown of thorns and Jesus’ wounds are visible
-reminder of redemption

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12
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) Saints

A

The saints are holding the tools used to kill them
-St Bartholomew holds a knife and his skin- he was skinned alive.

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13
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) Seven angels with trumpets

A

From the books of revelation. Seven angels are to blow trumpets to announce the end of the world followed by God’s judgement

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14
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) The ferryman

A

A ferryman takes people to hell
-they look in despair and there is darker, brown and black colours used
-those who rejected Christ won’t reach heaven

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15
Q

(The last judgement, Michaelangelo) People rising from their graves

A

All, living and dead, will be judged on the last day
They will be physically raised from their graves

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16
Q

(The four last things) Death

A

-for christians, death is a transition to a new phase of life
-death isn’t to be feared as it’s the start of eternal life without limitations of the earthly body
-the soul lives on as the body dies
-the soul is judged by God and sent to heaven or hell or possibly purgatory
-at the end of time, at the final judgement, the body and soul are reunited in the perfect form

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17
Q

(The four last things) judgement

A

-catholics believe God judges them at death
-God considers all that they’ve done in their life
-this is when people must accept the truth of all of their actions
-some believe that while God judges them, they also judge themselves in the light of his love
-Jesus died so all could be saved, Christians believe that judgement will be meciful

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18
Q

(The four last things) Heaven

A

-if people are judged favourably, they’ll enter heaven
-heaven is the state of eternal hapiness in God’s presence
-God’s love removes all cares and worries
-God wants all to enter heaven, but also respects free will. Means people choose to accept God

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19
Q

(The four last things) Hell

A

-those who are judged unfavourably enter hell
-hell is the state of eternal seperation from God
-Christians believe God doesn’t send people to hell, but rather they send themselves by not accepting God
-people in hell live in frustration and anger at themselves

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20
Q

Catholic teaching on purgatory

A

-people want to make up for their sins, thus they may enter purgatory
-it is a cleansing process (not a place)
-the effects of sins are removed and there’s some pain
-heaven is guarenteed at the end. Can be quickened through prayers from loved ones

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21
Q

Contrasting Christian beliefs on purgatory

A

Only catholics believe in it, most other christians only believe in heaven and hell

22
Q

Particular judgement

A

Immediately after death; is based on one’s actions. Results in heaven, hell or purgatory

23
Q

Final judgement

A

At the end of time when Christ comes again. God’s kingdom will be established and those judged favourably will stay forever in this perfect creation

24
Q

Contrasting Christian beliefs on judgement

A

Some Christians DON’T believe in judgement after death
They believe that people wait in their graves for the second coming of Christ until they’re judged and sent to heaven or hell

25
Q

Bodily resurrection

A

Catholics believe Jesus will physically raise all of those who have died
Jesus will give us back the same bodies we lost at death but our resurrection bodies will not die
The righteous will be transformed into a glorified state, free from suffering and pain, like Jesus was

26
Q

Bodily resurrection quotes

A

“We look for the resurrection of the dead”-Nicene Creed
“Jesus was resurrected in a physical body … he was fully present and touchable”- John 20:19

27
Q

St Paul in support of bodily resurrection

A

He compares the physical body and resurrected body with a seed and a plant: same in some ways, different in others.

“It is sown a physical body…raised a spiritual body.” St Paul, 1 Corinthians

28
Q

Importance of the physical ressurection doctrine

A

-Pope Francis said that physical resurrection is difficult to understand and we need the grace of the holy spirit

-“if the dead are not raised, then Christ had not been raised… your faith is futile, and you are in your sins”- St Paul 1 Corinthians

29
Q

Contrasting views on bodily resurrection

A

Some Christians interpret the teaching to mean that humans will have a spiritual existence after death rather than physical

30
Q

The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus

A

The Bible doesn’t give a detailed description of heaven or hell

The parable teaches that:
-in heaven: Lazarus is comforted
-in hell: rich man is in “agony” and “torment”
One can’t travel from one to another
Abraham said if rich man’s family “do not listen to the prophets” then they won’t be convinced “if someone rises from the dead”.

31
Q

The Last Rites

A

Collective term for the sacrament of the annointing of the sick and the commendation of the dying

32
Q

Spiritual effects of the sacrament of the sick

A

Dying without guilt
Closer to God
Relationship with God restored

33
Q

Commendation of the dying

A

A short service to give the dying person Holy communion (called viaticum)
-crucifix is held showing that they share in Christ’s death
-Baptism promises are repeated to give confidence that they’ll reach heaven
-Bible reading and prayers shiw God is with them
-communion shows Christ is present on journey into new life

34
Q

Stages of a funeral

A

-reception of the body
-funeral mass
-the comittal
-the burial/cremation

35
Q

Sacrament of the sick

A

Holy communion given to show Christ is with them
Confessing gives peace and hope for the afterlife
Anointing with oil shows hope of new life
Room and patient is sprinkled with holy water to remind of baptism and water coming from Jesus’ wound

36
Q

Sacrament of the sick quote

A

James 5:14-15 - “the prayer of faith will save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven”

37
Q

Reception of the body

A

-body is taken to the church in a coffin (represents being taken back to God)
-coffin in sprinkled with holy water (baptised into Christ’s death and joining him in ressurection)
-placed beside lit paschal candle (showing the light of the risen Christ shining on the person)

38
Q

The funeral mass

A

-the priest has to offer comfort and hope to relatives through bible passages, music and prayers
For example “I am the ressurection and the life” John 11:26
“He makes me lie down in green pastures, he leads me beside quiet waters” psalm 23

-eulogy is a speech made about the deceased. Often said by family, close friend or priest

39
Q

The committal

A

-at the end of the mass, priest says prayers asking that any sins committed by the deceased be forgiven
-holy water sprinkled over the coffin
-smoke from incense waved representing prayers
-coffin is blessed and congregation say “…with poor man of Lazarus of old may you enjoy eternal life” reference to rich man and Lazarus
-a prayer is said for the mourners to meet the deceased again in heaven

40
Q

At the grave or crematorium

A

(When the coffin is lowered or when the curtain is closed around the coffin)
-‘our father’ is said, reflecting belief that the deceased was a child of God and coffin is sprinkled with holy water
-the priest also says: “we commit this body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust”
Reminds of how we’re all made by God and return to God. Based on genesis 3 when God tells Adam “you were made from dust, and to dust you will return”

41
Q

Cosmic reconcilliation

A

the concept that at the end of time, the whole of creation will be reconciled to God, restored, and made perfect
because it was broken by original sin
Julian of Norwich said that Jesus appeared to her and said “It was necessary that there should be sin; but all shall be well, and all manner of things shall be well”

42
Q

“My father’s house…

A

…has many rooms”. There is room for all of the good in heaven

43
Q

Euthanasia

A

helping someone to die, in order to end their suffering
also called assisted suicide

44
Q

Euthanasia - For

A

-love your neighbour (end their suffering)

Non-religious:
-quickly and humanely ends suffering for the terminally ill
-enables death with dignity and minimal pain
-having the choice is very comforting

45
Q

Euthanasia - Against

A

-goes against sanctity of life
-love your neighbour (don’t kill them)
-do not murder
-sacrament of the sick/keeping faith can help terminally ill

Non-religious:
-patients could feel pressured into dying
-illegal - 14 years in prison
-could change their mind
-slippery slope if legalised
-palliative care (in hospice) removes need for euthanasia

46
Q

Care of the Dying

A

Catholics believe in sanctity of life
Care for the dying, given in hospices, allows patients to die without pain, without actively killing them.
Christians are in support

47
Q

Memorials for the dead quote

A

“The body is a temple of the Holy Spirit” (Paul 1 Corinthians)
-this is why we have memorials for the dead
-the body should be treated with respect, even after death

48
Q

Tombstones

A

-indicates grave locations, so that respect is shown
-often inscribed with RIP (rest in peace) - expresses hope that the person is in heaven, enjoying peace of eternal life
-can be cross shaped - indicates belief in Jesus and expresses hope for resurrection into eternal life
-angel carving - belief that all have a guardian angel to take care of them in life
-this angel will present them to God and ask for merciful judgement

49
Q

Monuments

A

a structure built for importance
-used for important catholic saints, eg Edward the Confessor (W Abbey), Thomas Beckett (Canterbury Cathedral)
-in past rich buried in sarcophagi with the Chi-Rho on them - shows belief in Jesus and reminds that Jesus died so that all can experience eternal life
-in the middle ages - decorated with symbols of decay, eg skeletons
-reflects belief that everyone faces death and judgement equally, even the wealthy

50
Q

Remembrance Gardens

A

outside area for ashes of those who have been created
-designed to be peaceful and beautiful - reflects heaven, where the deceased is (hopefully)
-quiet and reflective - helps mourners to feel close to and focus on their lost loved one

51
Q

What did early Christians believe about the end of the world?

A

They believed that it would come soon

52
Q

Catholic advice on how to prepare for the end of time

A

-follow Jesus’ teachings
-keep faith in God
-perform Good actions
-do not commit mortal sins
-be truly sorry and confess to any mortal sins

GCSE RE (11 decks)

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