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Bio 4 Midterm 1 > In person study guide > Flashcards

In person study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest

A

Molecules

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2
Q

What is the biggest

A

Biopsphere

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3
Q

Know 3 domains

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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4
Q

Know 3 kingdoms in Eukarya

A

Plants, Animals, Fungi

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5
Q

what is the atomic number

A

number of protons and number of electrons

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6
Q

what is the atomic mass

A

number of protons plus neutrons

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7
Q

how does potential energy correlate to shell level

A

if you move farther away from the atomic nucleus (go up shells) , then you gain potential energy

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8
Q

how many electrons do shell 1 and 2 hold?

A

shell 1 holds 2, shell 2 holds 8

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9
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

very strong bond where electrons are shared

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10
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

an atom is able to strip or steal an electron from another atom, and the one stripped of the electron has the positive charge while the one that gained an electron has a negative charge

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11
Q

what is a hydrogen bond

A

they are pretty weak, but form between molecules

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12
Q

what are van der waals interactions

A
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13
Q

cohesive behavior

A

water molecules stick together

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14
Q

adhesive behavior

A

water molecules stick to something else

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15
Q

what is surface tension

A

because of hydrogen bonding, water has a high surface tension: a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

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16
Q

how does salt dissolve in water

A

sodium is attracted to partially negative charge because it is positively charged, and chlorine is attracted to the partially positive charge because it is negatively charged

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17
Q

kinetic energy is

A

kinetic energy is the energy of motion

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18
Q

potential energy is

A
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19
Q

what is an isotope

A

the same element, but with a different number of neutrons, therefore a different atomic mass

20
Q

polarity of water

A

water molecule is partial negative near oxygen and partial positive near hydrogen, therefore it is polar

21
Q

what is an acid

A

an acid can donate hydrogen ions

22
Q

what is a base

A

a base can remove hydrogen ions

23
Q

what is the role of buffers

A

they resist a change a ph, dont let ph fluctuate as much

24
Q

what are structural isomers

A
25
Q

what breaks down cellulose

A
26
Q

saturated fatty acids

A

have maximum number of hydrogen atoms, will be solid at room temperature

27
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

have one or more double bonds, are liquid at room temperature

28
Q

phospholipids

A

phosphate heads love water, lipid tails hate water

29
Q

secondary structure has:

A

alpha helix and beta pleated sheat

30
Q

what is denaturation

A

protein loses its normal shape and is nonfunctioning, mainly caused by pH and high temperatures

31
Q

what is a pyrmidine

A

has one ring, cytosine, thymine, uracil

32
Q

pyrisine

A

has two rings, ademine and guanine

33
Q

All cells have

A

ribosomes (make proteins) and chromosomes

34
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes, on outside of endoplasmic reticulum

35
Q

who is not a member of the endomembrane system

A

mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes

36
Q

who are members of the endomembrane system

A

nuclear envelope, er, golgi,

37
Q

who has chloroplasts?

A
38
Q

what are the components of the cytoskeleton

A

**know properties of the components

39
Q

what is diffusion

A

going down its concentration gradient

40
Q

what gives a high entropy

A

when everything is nice and spread out

41
Q

how is the energy of activation lowered

A
42
Q

3 sodiums go out of the cell, 3 potassiums are coming back in

A
43
Q

osmoregulation refers to the solute

A
44
Q

more solute = hyper, less solute = hypo

A
45
Q

where do things move, 80% to 20% or 20% to 80% and which is hypo or hyper

A

80% water, the inside has 20% salt so water moves towards higher concentration gradient, if inside has more water than outside than water moves outside bc that means there is more salt on the outside

46
Q

it is isotonic when it is the same

A

Bio 4 Midterm 1 (9 decks)

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