Impairment, disability and handicap: relationship to communication dysfunction, the speech banana. Flashcards
Define Impairment.
An impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
Define Disability.
A disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Define Handicap.
A handicap is a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual.
WHO definitions summarised:
Impairment = _______________
Disability =________________
Handicap=_________________
Loss/abnormality
Restriction/lack of ability to perform activity
Disadvantage they have as a result of the disability (consequences)
Name the 2 parts linking into to the international classification of function (ICF) and disability.
Health Condition
Contextual Factors
What is meant by health condition?
The disease or disorder you have.
name the 3 components of functioning and disability.
Body (impairment)- structures and functions.
Activities (limitations)
Participation (restrictions).
What are the 2 contextual factors?
Environmental Factors
Personal Factors.
The international classification of function and disability views disability as a ___________ __________ ______________.
Shared Human Experience.
A change in body functions is also known as»>
A change in physiology.
A change in body structures is also known as»>
A change in anatomy.
What can be a negative aspect of body functions and structures?
Impairment.
Tasks and action (life areas) are involved with ___________ and _______________.
activities
participation
What are the 2 constructs within activity and participation?
Capacity
Performance.
Define Capacity.
Executing tasks in a standard environment.
Define Performance.
Executing tasks in the current environment.
What is a negative aspect of activities and participation?
Activities - cause limitations
Participation- causes restrictions
External influences on functioning and disability are known as ________ factors.
Environmental.
__________ influences on functioning and disability are known as personal factors.
Internal.
What is the construct of environmental factors?
Facilitating or hindering impact of features on the physical, social and attitudinal world.
Name a positive and negative aspect of environmental factors.
Positive- Facilitators
Negative- Barriers, Hindrances.
Define the construct of personal factors.
Impact of attributes of the person.
How should we talk to people with communication dysfunction?
- Use Clear speech
- talk slower
____________ _____________ are the physiological functions of body systems.
Body functions.
what are body structures?
Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components.
____________ are problems in body function or structure.
Impairments.
An impairment can be a significant ___________ or _____.
deviation, loss
What is activity?
The execution of a task or action by an individual.
__________ ___________ are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.
Activity Limitations.
What is participation?
Involvement in a life situation.
______ ___________ are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.
Participation Restrictions.
Environmental factors make up the _____, ___ and _____ environment in which people live and conduct their lives.
physical
social
attitudinal
What marks speech sounds on an audiogram?
The speech banana.
What is the speech banana?
The speech banana is a region in which all the phonemes of the world’s languages fall on an audiogram
If you have mild to moderate hearing loss , what phonemes will you have trouble hearing?
Stops
Fricatives
Sibilants
e.g. d,t,s,f
If you have mild to moderate hearing loss, what can you still hear?
You can still hear vowels. (some nasals etc.)
If you have ____/_________ hearing loss you have trouble hearing all phonemes.
severe/profound
What is used in all countries in Europe to evaluate hearing aid benefit?
International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids
IOI-HA
Name the 7 domains of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA).
- Use
- Benefit
- Residual Activity Limitations
- Satisfaction
- Residual Participation Limitations
- Impact on others
- Quality of life.
What is the most commonly used inventory?
Hearing Handicap Inventory - Screening Version (HHIE-S)
What 2 factors does the HHIE-S measure?
Emotional Factors
Social Factors.
How many questions does the HHIE-S have?
10
Name advantages of the HHIE-S.
- 10 questions, so quick and simple to complete
- Get score at end= know whether to refer them etc.
Does a hearing problem cause you to feel embarrassed when meeting new people? (emotional or social?)
Emotional.
Do you have difficulty hearing when someone speaks in a whisper? (social or emotional?)
Social.
What is a slight disadvantage to the HHIE-S?
Some questions are outdated eg. “does a hearing problem cause you to attend religious services less often than you would like?”.
