Immunosuppresants

Question 1

allograft definition

Answer 1

donation from same species

Question 2

xenograft

Answer 2

donation from another species

Question 3

acute rejection

Answer 3

7 - 21 days

Question 4

chronic rejection

Answer 4

3 months

Question 5

immunity against organ transplant

Answer 5

activate macrophages which present antigen to t helper cells that are activated by IL2
release cytokines to activate b cells to proliferate and produce antibodies

Question 6

what is the induction phase

Answer 6

recognition of antigen leading to proliferation of b cells

Question 7

what is the effector phase

Answer 7

differentiation into antibodies and tissue damage

Question 8

drugs that inhibit the induction phase

Answer 8

IL2 inhibitors prevent t cell activation

inhibitor of cytokines prevent b cell activation

Question 9

IL 2 production inhibitors

Answer 9

cyclosporin

tacrolimus

Question 10

cytokine gene expression inhibitors

Answer 10

glucocorticoids

Question 11

cyclosporin moa

Answer 11

bind to cyclophilin and the complex inhibits calcineurin/NF-AT activation and blocks IL2 productions

Question 12

IL2 production

Answer 12

increase in calcium
activates calcineurin or something
phosphrylated by NF-AT to activate IL2

Question 13

main adverse effect of cyclosporine

Answer 13

nephrotoxicity

Question 14

tacromilus moa

Answer 14

bind to FK binding protein to inhibit calcineurin phosphatase to decrease activation of NF-AT so less IL2 production

Question 15

sirolimus moa

Answer 15

does not block IL2 gene transcription, prevents signal transduction resulting in decreased clonal t and b cell proliferation

Question 16

mycophenolate mofetil moa

Answer 16

inhibits inosine 5’monophosphate dehydrogenase an enzyme involved in purine synthesis needed in t and b cells preventing proliferation

Question 17

azithroprine moa

Answer 17

metabolized to mercaptopurine which inhibits HGPRT enzyme causing inhibition of proliferation

Question 18

cyclophosphamide moa

Answer 18

alkylating agent that inhibits dna replication and causes apoptosis