GI Flashcards
what makes hcl for the stomach
parietal cells activated by muscarinic receptors
what is the systemic antacids
sodium bicarbonate
problems of systemic antacids
dissociates and bicarboonate ion increases ph of the blood
kidney stone
acid rebound
increase sodium exacerbating hypertension
indication for systemic antacids
acute attacks not long term
anticolinergic moa in hyperacidity
block muscarinic receptors therefore hcl secretion
what are cytoprotectives and 2 examples
protect the stomach from acid
misoprostol
sucralfate
sucralfate moa
binds to degenrating cells to form protective layer
binds to h receptors forming a goay paste and increasing ph
misoprostol moa
prostglandin analogue stimulates production of the mucosal barrier
problems with cimetidine
inhibits cyp enzymes
binds to androgen receptors
how are ppis converted from the pro drug form
enter the secretory canaliculus of parietal cell whic opens when acid secretion occurs
testing for h pylori
urea breath test
histology
serology
culture
why is h pylori hard to treat
not intact wiht bloodstream
quadriple therapy of h pylori
PPI
2 antibiotics
bismuth
ulcerative colitis is inflammation of what
submucosa of the intestine in one area
signs of uc
diarrhea
bleeding
severe pain
quit eating
what causes peridontitis
scarring causes intestine to become stiff and burst
chrons disease has inflammation where
anywhere in the entrire digestive tract
isolated regions
difference of crohns and ulcerative
crohns can form fistulas, cause severe skin inflammation, and intestinal wall may be breached
treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis
5-asa
activation of 5 -asa
released in LI by bacteria in sulfasalzine unless it has a coating
3 types of responses to glucocorticoids
steroid responsive, dependent, or unresponsive
thiopurine derivatives moa
inhibit dna syntesis
examples of thiopurines
metacaptopurine
azothiopurine
indication for thiopurine
not acute attacks
steroid dependent or resistant
prevent remission or relapse
methotrexate moa
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor - inhibits dna synthesis
cyclosporine mao
calcineurin inhibitor
side effects of cyclosporine
severe immune suppression
TNF alpha inhibitors
inflixamib
etanercept
side effects of tnf alpha inhibitors
increased risk of lung infection
opiates moa
decrease motility
opiate related agents
diphenoxylate
loperamide
adsorbent mao and examples
bind to wall and adsorb toxins and bacteria
pepto
kaopectate
