GI

Question 1

what makes hcl for the stomach

Answer 1

parietal cells activated by muscarinic receptors

Question 2

what is the systemic antacids

Answer 2

sodium bicarbonate

Question 3

problems of systemic antacids

Answer 3

dissociates and bicarboonate ion increases ph of the blood
kidney stone
acid rebound
increase sodium exacerbating hypertension

Question 4

indication for systemic antacids

Answer 4

acute attacks not long term

Question 5

anticolinergic moa in hyperacidity

Answer 5

block muscarinic receptors therefore hcl secretion

Question 6

what are cytoprotectives and 2 examples

Answer 6

protect the stomach from acid
misoprostol
sucralfate

Question 7

sucralfate moa

Answer 7

binds to degenrating cells to form protective layer

binds to h receptors forming a goay paste and increasing ph

Question 8

misoprostol moa

Answer 8

prostglandin analogue stimulates production of the mucosal barrier

Question 9

problems with cimetidine

Answer 9

inhibits cyp enzymes

binds to androgen receptors

Question 10

how are ppis converted from the pro drug form

Answer 10

enter the secretory canaliculus of parietal cell whic opens when acid secretion occurs

Question 11

testing for h pylori

Answer 11

urea breath test
histology
serology
culture

Question 12

why is h pylori hard to treat

Answer 12

not intact wiht bloodstream

Question 13

quadriple therapy of h pylori

Answer 13

PPI
2 antibiotics
bismuth

Question 14

ulcerative colitis is inflammation of what

Answer 14

submucosa of the intestine in one area

Question 15

signs of uc

Answer 15

diarrhea
bleeding
severe pain
quit eating

Question 16

what causes peridontitis

Answer 16

scarring causes intestine to become stiff and burst

Question 17

chrons disease has inflammation where

Answer 17

anywhere in the entrire digestive tract

isolated regions

Question 18

difference of crohns and ulcerative

Answer 18

crohns can form fistulas, cause severe skin inflammation, and intestinal wall may be breached

Question 19

treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

Answer 19

5-asa

Question 20

activation of 5 -asa

Answer 20

released in LI by bacteria in sulfasalzine unless it has a coating

Question 21

3 types of responses to glucocorticoids

Answer 21

steroid responsive, dependent, or unresponsive

Question 22

thiopurine derivatives moa

Answer 22

inhibit dna syntesis

Question 23

examples of thiopurines

Answer 23

metacaptopurine

azothiopurine

Question 24

indication for thiopurine

Answer 24

not acute attacks
steroid dependent or resistant
prevent remission or relapse

Question 25

methotrexate moa

Answer 25

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor - inhibits dna synthesis

Question 26

cyclosporine mao

Answer 26

calcineurin inhibitor

Question 27

side effects of cyclosporine

Answer 27

severe immune suppression

Question 28

TNF alpha inhibitors

Answer 28

inflixamib

etanercept

Question 29

side effects of tnf alpha inhibitors

Answer 29

increased risk of lung infection

Question 30

opiates moa

Answer 30

decrease motility

Question 31

opiate related agents

Answer 31

diphenoxylate

loperamide

Question 32

adsorbent mao and examples

Answer 32

bind to wall and adsorb toxins and bacteria
pepto
kaopectate