Drugs in special populations Flashcards
gastric ph in infants
lower
increased absorption of drugs degraded by acid
biliary function in infants
reduced, may cause reduced absorption
gastric emptying in infants
decreased, may increase half life
GI motility in infants
lower, may increase absorption
metabolism in infants
altered gut wall activity of phase 1 and 2 enzymes
carrier transporters in infants
reduced function, reduced absorption
water fat ration in infants
more water in infants tends to increase vd for water soluble drugs
BBB in infants
less functional, drugs that arent normally able may be able to access brain
plasma protein binding
less efficient, increased clearance of highly bound drugs
drugs considered safe in pregnancy if
drug is used in infants
dru doesnt get in the milk
drug isnt absorbed in the stomahc or intestines
drug is safe in pregnancy
effect of absorption in elderly
rate of absorption decreased but overall absorbed amount is unchanged, lower peak concentration and longer to reach peak concentration
hepatic first pass metabolism in elderly
decreased liver mass and liver blood flow
less first pass metabolism
elderly effects on vd
decrease water mass and lean body mass
increase fat stores
decrease albumin
increase alpha 1 glycoprotein
what metabolism is prefferred in elderly
drugs undergoing phase 2 metabolism because forms an inactive metabolite
kidney function in elderly
decreased size decreased renal blood flow decreased functional nephrons decreased GFR decreased tubular secretion
