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Immunology and Serology: 5.2 Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

This is a viral escape mechanism where the virus produces a new viral antigens.

A

Genetic mutations

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2
Q

CMV and HIV reduces the expression of class I MHC to be less recognized by CTLs is an example of what mechanism of the virus

A

Suppressing immune system

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3
Q

Virus integrating their nucleic acid into the genome of the infected cells (e.g. CMV, VZV, HIV)

A

Latency

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4
Q

What are other viruses that can cause liver inflammation but only secondary to other disease processes

A

CMV, EBV, HSV

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5
Q

This antibody promotes phagocytosis of viruses through opsonization and ADCC

A

IgG

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6
Q

The main source of transmission of this hepatitis virus is IV drug use.

A

HCV

major vehicle of transmission is blood transfusion

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7
Q

What are the hepa viruses that can be transmitted through blood transfusion?

A

HBV, HCV, HDV

BCD

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8
Q

The only hepa virus that does not progress to chronic state

A

HAV

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9
Q

Hepa viruses that can be transmitted through sexual contact

A

HBV, HDV

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10
Q

In hepatitis A what is the primary marker used to detect acute hepatitis

A

IgM Anti-HAV

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11
Q

What is the molecular method/s used to detect RNA virus like most of hepa subtypes?

A

RT-PCR and qPCR

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12
Q

In HEV, what is the recommended tests for immunocompromised persons with negative antibody test?

A

Molecular Tests

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13
Q

This is the gold standard for diagnosis of acute HEV

A

qPCR

(Quantitative PCR)

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14
Q

What are the hepa virus types where recovery is self-limifting

A

HAV, HEV

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15
Q

This is a HCV Serological Marker done in low risk patients to confirm HCV exposure

A

HCV RIBA

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16
Q

Hepatitis C marker present in both acute and chronic infection

A

Anti-HCV

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17
Q

Hepa C marker which confirms persistence of HCV infection detected by amplification techniques.

A

HCV RNA

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18
Q

What is the confirmatory test for HCV

A

NAT

(Nucleic Acid Testing)

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19
Q

POCT for HCV

A

Rapid Immunoblot Assay

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20
Q

The most common genotype of HCV

A

Genotype 1

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21
Q

What does the HBV lipid enveloe contain which surrounds an inner nucleocapsid

A

HBsAg

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22
Q

double-shelled, 42nm sphered virion is characteristic of what virus

A

HBV

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23
Q

True or False. HBV is a double stranded DNA virus.

A

True

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24
Q

This is a HBV serological marker of infectivity and is also used to monitor treatment effectivity.

A

HBe

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25
Q

what is the 1st antibody produced in HBV infections and is only detected during a window period?

A

Anti-HBc

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26
Q

This is the first atibody seen in convalescence period in HBV.

A

Anti-HBe

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27
Q

this is also known as hidden antigen phase or anti-core window

A

Window Period

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28
Q

window period is useful in cases such as?

A
  1. neonatal infections
  2. fulminant hepa
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29
Q

In the incubation epriod what is the only marker seen?

30
Q

In chronic active cases, HBe Ag is present along with HBsAg and Total anti-HBc? True or False.

31
Q

indicates current or recent acute infection

A

IgM anti-HBc

32
Q

What are the sero markers only present in chronic active HBV infxn?

A
  1. Total anti-HBc
  2. HBsAg
  3. HBeAg
33
Q

What sero markers are detected during chronic carrier phase of HBV infxn?

A

1.Total anti-HBc
2. HBSAg
3. Anti-HBe

34
Q

The only sero marker present in incubation period in HBV infxn

35
Q

two molecular tests for HBV

A

qPCR and bDNA

qPCR - method of choice

36
Q

Hepa virus subtype where ICT is used as one of its immunoassay testing

A

HEV

only subtype where CLIA may not be performed (based on ppt/HDV)

37
Q

Two ways where HDV infection can occur

A
  1. co-infection
  2. superinfection

1. (pos for anti-HDV + IgM anti-HBC)
2. (pos for **anti-HDV and *I

38
Q

Site of latency of EBV

39
Q

Primary target cell of CMV

A

Monocyte, lymphocyte, epithelial cells

40
Q

What are the HHVs in which their site of latency is the Neuron

A

HSV1, HSV2, VZV

41
Q

What are the HHVs in which their site of latency is the T cells?

A

HHV6 and HHV7

42
Q

Target cell of HHV-8

A

Lymphocyte and other cells

43
Q

Target cell of HSV1, HSV2, VZV?

A

Muco-epithelial cells

44
Q

This is transmitted by close-contact, transfusions, and tissue transplant

A

HHV-4 (EBV)

Epstein-Barr Virus

45
Q

The disease caused by this HHV subtype is Kaposi’s Sarcoma, and primary effusion lymphoma

46
Q

HHV that causes Pityriasis rosea

47
Q

causes IM, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

48
Q

HHV that is transmited through saliva and causes disease such as IM like syndrome, retinitis

A

HHV-5 (CMV)

Cytomegalovirus

49
Q

HSV 1 and 2 can remain dormant in ____ after initial infxn.

A

nerve ganglia

50
Q

This is one of the early acute phase antigens of EBV wherein it is produced during the initial stages of viral replication in the lytic cycle.

51
Q

This are antibodies associated with IM, are IgM antibodies produced-polyclonel B-cell activation.

Capable with reacting with horse, sheep, and bovine RBCs, present during acute phase of illness.

A

Heterophile antibodies

52
Q

Gold standard for EBV

A

EBV-specific antibodies tests

53
Q

Rapid slide agglutination test for heterophile antibodies

54
Q

Incubating serial dilutions of patient’s serum with sheep RBC

A

Paul-Bunnell test

55
Q

an important infectious agent associated with organ transplantation

A

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

56
Q

HHV that is also the common cause of congenital infections

A

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

57
Q

CMV can be reactivated at a later time. True or False.

58
Q

this is a widely used method for direct identification of CMV

A

CMV antigenemia assay

59
Q

This is a highly contagious illness characterized by a blister-like rash with intense itching and fever

A

chickenpox

60
Q

reactivation of VZV, where virus moves down the sensory nerve to the dermatome, where eruption of painful vesiculars occur

61
Q

definitive diagnosis of VZV

A

vesicular lesions

62
Q

Reference method for VZV antibody, but requires live virus-infected cells

A

FAMA

Fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen

63
Q

Mode of transmission for this virus is direct contact with aerosolized droplets

64
Q

Clinical symptom of this virus is Parotitis

65
Q

Clinical symptom for this virus is erthyematous, macupapular rash

66
Q

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and 2 mode of transmission are ________.

A

bloodborne, sexual contact, breastfeeding

67
Q

Human T-cell Lymphotropic type where most infected individuals are asymptomatic

68
Q

Structural genes of Human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type 1 that codes for viral enzymes

69
Q

codes for viral proteins in HT-cell LV Type 1

70
Q

Disease caused is ATLL or adult t-cell lymphoma

A

HTCLV Type 1

finals (10 decks)

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