Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology block 1 > Immunology-9 (Kyle) > Flashcards

Immunology-9 (Kyle) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classical pathway for complement activation?

A

Antigen : Ab complexes (First to act)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the lectin pathway of complement activation?

A

Lectin binding to pathogen surfaces (Second to act)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the alternative pathway of complement activation?

A

Pathogen surfaces. (Third to Act)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the common theme of complement activation?

A

Clevage of C3 to C3a and C3b. C3b will be covalently bound to surface components of pathogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the clevage of C3 do to the pathogens?

A

Recrutes inflammatory cells,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the complement cascade do?

A

Marks pathogens for destruction by phagocytes ( Opsonization )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are anaphylatoxins?

A

Inflammatory mediators rpoduced by the complement cascade.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do anaphylatoxins actually do ?

A

These small molecules are chemotactic and induce vascular permeability which induces inflammatory responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are components of the complement cascade produced?

A

In the liver in their inactive form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do anaphylatoxins do?

A

Recruit fluid and immune cells to sites of antigen deposition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most important product of the complement cascade?

A

Deposition of the opsonin C3b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is C3b important?

A

Complement receptors on phagocytes bind to C3b (and fragments of C3b) which facilitates uptake and destruction of the pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What enzyme is C3b a part of that activates the membrane attack complex?

A

Convertase enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does C3a do ?

A

Recrutes phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the alternative pathway of activation a purely innate mechanism?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the race of C3 cleavage?

A

Very low but in the presence of bacteria the rate will be greatly increased.

17
Q

What happens after C3b is deposited on the surface of a bacterium?

A

It becomes a ligand for factor B. When factor B binds to C3b, factor D cleaves factor B.

18
Q

When factor D cleaves factor B what is the end result?

A

C3b, Bb, and Ba are produced.

19
Q

What happens when C3b binds to C3b, Bb ?

A

C5 convertase is produced.

20
Q

What binds to C5b?

A

C6, C7, C8, and tons of C9. This attack complex forms a pore in the bacterial membrane.

21
Q

What complement component is a main part of the lectin pathway of complement activation?

A

MBP (mannose- binding proteins)

22
Q

What does MBP do ?

A

MBPbinds to the terminal mannose residues on the surface of the bacteria. The glycoproteins and glycolipidsthat hae mannose residues which are unique to the bacteria and not the host.

23
Q

Once bound to the microbial surface what does MBP have a high affinity for ?

A

MASP-1 and MASP-2 which activates them.

24
Q

What happens when MASP-1 and MASP-2 are activated?

A

They are able to cleave C4 to form C4a and C4b. And cleave C2 to C2a and C2b.

25
Q

What happens when C2b and C4b bind to the pathogen surface?

A

Together they for the active C3 convertase which cleaves C3 to C3a and C3b.

**After this step the cascade is identical to the classical pathway

26
Q

What is the end result of the classical pathway of complement activation?

A

Implantation of C3b onto the bacterial cell membrane.

27
Q

What are the components of the classical C3 convertase ? What binds to the classical convertase?

A

C2a and C4b.

C3, which is ceaved to C3a and C3b. C3b implants in the pathogen surface.

28
Q

What is the purpose of the C5b, C6, C7, C8 complex do ?

A

Recrute tols of C9 which physically form the pore

29
Q

What is the most important end result of complement activation ?

A

C3b deposition.

30
Q

What does C3b deposition do ?

A

In the Classical and Lectin pathways will still be activated but the alternative pathway will amplify the response. The Pathogen will be opsonized.

31
Q

For people who cant make an activated membrane complex, what pathogen is a big problem ?

A

Niceria

32
Q

What is the mechanism of innate activation of the classical pathway?

A

C1 binds to C-reactive protein and IgM. This complex bonds to phosphocholine which is on the surface of the pathogen.

33
Q

Why is opsonization via complement important?

A

Look this up

34
Q

Is deposition of C3b permanent?

A

Yes, Once compement has been deposited it is there forever and is a permanent marker for destruction.

35
Q

Is C1q always activated?

A

There is always some level of activation but it is not always fully activated.

36
Q

What does C1inhibitor do? (C1INH)

A

C1INH binds to activated C1r : C1r forcing the dissociation from C1q

37
Q

What happens when C1INH is deficient?

A

C1INH deficiency causes a serious illness that is characterized by systemic edema.

38
Q

What is the systemic edema from in (C1INH) deficiency?

A

Overproduction of anaphylatoxins. Results in hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) which is treated by C1INH replacement therapy.

39
Q

What does CD59 do?

A

Binds to C5b

Pathology block 1 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions