Immunology 1 (Kyle) Flashcards
What structures make up the innate immunity?
Structural and chemical barriers
Where do innate cells arise from?
Myeloid Progeintor cells
What feature of pathogens does the innate immunity system recognize?
Innate cells recognize general features of some pathogens. Usually composed of repeating subunits, peptidoglycans and LPS that are common to many organisms.
What is a PAMP?
PAMP’s are Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns.
What are PAMP’s recognized by?
PAMP’s are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRR’s) that are found on a variety of immune cells.
Do innate cells communicate with the acquired immune response?
Yes Lymphokines and antibodies modulate the response of innate cells.
How do innate cells initiate acquired immunity?
Innate cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, ext.) help to initiate acquired immunity by processing and presenting antigens to lymphocytes.
Do innate cells release cytokines?
Innate cells produce cytokines that modulate acquired immune responses.
What immune response acts first, innate or acquired?
innate immune responses control infection until acquired immune responses have developed.
What type of cells mediate acquired immune responses?
Lymphocytes are the cells that mediate the acquired immune responses.
What unique feature of the acquired immunity allows for rapid mobilization of immune responses?
Immunological memory
What purpose do lymphokines serve?
Lymphokines supply help to other lymphocytes and they also help to regulate the activities of innate cells (macrophages, NK cells, neurophils)
When lymphocytes encounter an epitope what protein factors are produced?
Lymphokines and Cytokines
What type of cell are all elements of the blood derived from and were would you find this cell?
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (found in the bone marrow) gives rise to two progenitors that in turn give rise to the cells of the immune system
What cells does the myeloid progenitor cell serve as a precursor for? (4)
Granulocytes Macrophages Dendritic Cells Mast Cells
Granulocyte, what is this?
A granulocyte, or polymorphonuclear cell PMN, are groups of cells that are structurally and functionally distinguishable and make up the adaptive immune system
What are the three types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
What does a neutrophil do?
A neutrophil is a phagocytic cell that helps activate the bactericidal mechanisms
What does an eosinophils do?
Eosinophils are cells that kill antibody-coated parasites.
What are macrophages?
macrophages, are scavenger cells that have receptors for a variety of structures that are common to infectous agents. *They play an important role in initiation of acquired immune responses.
Where does a macrophage come from?
A monocyte
What type of cell is the most potent stimulator of T cell responses?
Dendritic Cell
What do dendritic cells actually do?
Dendritic cells take up antigens at the site of infection
What do mast cells do?
Mast cells degranulate to release histamine and other active agents that are involved in Type 1 Hypersensitivity reactions.
What cells present antigens to T-Cells?
Macrophages and dendritic cells take up antigens, process the antigen, and present the antigen to niave T-cells to initiate the development of acquired immunity.
What type of receptors do mast cells have on their surface?
Mast Cells have IgE receptors on their surface and their activity is modulated by the acquired immune response.
What are T-Cells and B-Cells derived from?
T cells and B cells are derived from common lymphoid progenitor cells
What is the primary component of the adaptive (acquired) immune system
Lymphocytes