Immunology 7 (Kyle)

Question 1

What is an armed effector T cell ?

Answer 1

An armed effector T cell is a fully differentiated T cell that is ready to perform its effector function

Question 2

Does an armed effector T cell require co-stimulation to function?

Answer 2

No an effector T cell does not require a co-stimulant to function properly.

Question 3

Do armed effector T cells display adhesion molecules?

Answer 3

Yes, they express an array of adhesion molecules that direct them to appropriate tissues.

Question 4

What are the three main types of effector T cells?

Answer 4

CD8 effector T cells ( Killer T cells or Cytotoxic T cells )

CD4 helper T cells that subdivide into T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells.

Question 5

What are the cytotoxins produced by CD8 T cells

Answer 5

Perforin, Granzymes, and granulysin

Question 6

What are the Cytokines that are produced by CD8 T cells?

Answer 6

IFN-y and LT

Question 7

What are the cytokines produced by T-Helper 1 cells ?

Answer 7

IFN-y
GM-CSF
TNF-a
LT
IL-3

Question 8

What are the cytokines produced by T Helper 2 cells ?

Answer 8

IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
IL-13
TGF-B

Question 9

What is the series of differentiation of Helper T cells?

Answer 9

Niave CD4-T cell —> Proliferating Cell —> Immature T cell —> Th 1 cell or Th 2 cell.

Question 10

What determines differentiation of Th-0 into Th-1 and Th-2 ?

Answer 10

The decision is made during T cell activation which is influenced by pathogen

Question 11

What influences the first step of Th-0 differentiation?

Answer 11

The cytokine environment during activation influences

Question 12

I the presence of IL-12 and IFN-y what will the Th-0 cell become?

Answer 12

CD-4 cells activated in presence of IL-12 and IFN-y will become TH-1 cells

Question 13

In the presence of IL-4 and IL-6 what will the TH-0 cell become?

Answer 13

CD4 cells activated in presence of IL-4 and IL-6 will become Th-2 cells.

Question 14

Can antigen presentation influence differentiation pathways ?

Answer 14

Yes and the differentiation is determined by the affinity of antigen binding and concentration of Ag will dictate differentiation.

Question 15

If a low affinity antigen or low concentration of Ag is presented to Ag cells what will the Th-0 cell differentiate into?

Answer 15

Th-0 will differentiate into Th-2 cells.

Question 16

If presented with a high affinity antigen or high concentration of Ag what will the TH-0 cell differentiate into?

Answer 16

When presented with a high affinity antigen or high concentration of Ag TH-0 cells will differentiate into Th-1 cells. d

Question 17

What are the three effector molecules in granules of Cytotoxic T cells ?

Answer 17

Perforin, Granzymes, and Granulysin

Question 18

What does perforin do ?

Answer 18

Perforin Aids in delivering contents of granules into the cytoplasm of target cell.

Question 19

What do granzymes do ?

Answer 19

Granzymes are serine proteases which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm of the target cell.

Question 20

What is granulysin ?

Answer 20

Has antimicrobial actions and can induce apoptosis.

Question 21

Do granzymes enter the cell via perforin-mediated pore formation?

Answer 21

No, perforin pores are large enough for proteins to enter the cell but not large enough for granzymes to enter the cell.

Question 22

How do granzymes enter the cell?

Answer 22

Perforin mediated pore formation signals the target cell to endocytose the affected membrane area for repair. The granzymes are closely associated with the membrane and are carried along for the ride.

Question 23

What is the previously mentioned mechanism of granzymes entering the cell called ?

Answer 23

Repairative endocytosis.

Question 24

How many signals must an effector cell receive to be activated?

Answer 24

One Only.

Question 25

What is the first step of the effector function of Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) ?

Answer 25

The initial interaction of CD8 cell with the target is made by NONSPECIFIC ADHESION MOLECULES.

Question 26

After the CTL has bound to the effector cell via nonspecific adhesion molecules but no antigen specific interactions take lace, what peahens?

Answer 26

Without antigen specific interaction the CTL will be released

Question 27

After the nonspecific adhesion to the effector molecules and there is Antigen specific recognition, what happens next?

Answer 27

Antigen specific recognition induces stable pairing and focused release of effector molecules.

Question 28

With nonspecific adhesion and antigen specific interaction what will happen next?

Answer 28

The CTL will program the infected cell to die via the release of effector molecules. The CD8 T cell is then released.

Question 29

Do CTL’s release granular contents?

Answer 29

Yes they are released in a polarized fashion.

Question 30

Descrobe the steps of Polarized release of CTL granules.

Answer 30

1. Collision and nonspecific adhesion
2. Specific recognition redistributes cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic components of T cell
3. Release of Lytic granules at the site of cell contact.

Question 31

What to Th-1 effector cells do?

Answer 31

Activate Infected macrophages

Question 32

How do Th-1 effector cells activate infected macrophages ?

Answer 32

The Th-1 cell and infected macrophage come together.
2. The T cell binds to and activates the macrophage.
The activated macrophage kills the intravesicular bacteria

Question 33

What coordinates the immune response to intracellular bacteria?

Answer 33

Activated Th1 cells

Question 34

What are T cell effector molecules ?

Answer 34

Cytokines

Question 35

What affect does Interleukin -2 have on T cells ?

Answer 35

Growth

Question 36

What affect does interferon -y have on macrophages?

Answer 36

Activation and Increased concentration of MHC class 1 and MHC class 2.

Question 37

What affect does Lymphotoxin have on macrophages?

Answer 37

? finish this

Question 38

What makes granzymes

Answer 38

CD4 cells.