Immunology Flashcards
What cell is associated with CD56?
NK cells
Which cells are associated with CD3?
T cells
Which cells are associated with CD19?
B cells
Which deficiency can be implicated in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia?
Brutons tyrosine kinase deficiency
Which immunoglobulin makes up 80% of the bodies immunoglobulins?
IgG
Which immunoglobulin makes up the smallest portion of immunoglobulins in the body?
IgE
Which immunisation type doesn’t require T cell assistance?
Polysaccharide immunisations such as Pneumovax
Note: Prevnar is a T cell dependent conjugate polysaccharide immunisation
What is the problem seen in X-linked HyperIgM syndrome and what infections are people with this condition most susceptible to?
CD40 ligand deficiency on T cells - IgM not able to isotype switch to other immunoglobulins
At risk of Fungal - PJP and recurrent bacterial infections
What are the clinical features of SCID?
No tonsils, lymph nodes
Low IgG
Absent thymic shadow
Very low lymphocyte counts
No T cells (CD3, 4, 8), variably reduced B & NK cells
Defective T cell function (Absent proliferation to mitogens)
Specific features may discriminate SCID variants
Which receptor do MHC1 (on all cells) respond to on T cells?
CD8+ (Cytotoxic T cells)
Which receptor on T cells binds to MHC2 (only on APC)?
CD4+ (Helper T cells)
MHC2 - breaks antigen down intracellular then presents on surface
Which interleukins cause proliferation of T cells?
IL-2
Which immune subtype does someone with SCID who has No T cells or NK cells with presence of B cells have?
Common gamma chain X linked SCID or JAK3 SCID
Which immune subtype does someone with SCID who has No T cells or B cells with presence of NK cells have?
RAG1 or RAG2 or Artemis deficiency
What is tested for on NBST to check for SCID?
T Cell receptor excision circles (TREC)
Which interleukin stimulates bone marrow production?
IL-3
Which interleukins stimulate the production of IgE?
IL-4 and IL-13 (note dupilumab is utilised in severe eczema to block IL-4 and IL-13)
What is a positive skin prick test?
> 3mm above the saline result
Is there an increased risk of food allergy in a child whose sibling is allergic to peanuts?
Yes - 1.5- 2.5x higher risk of food allergy
If a child has a large cutaneous reaction to an insect bite what is the risk of having anaphylaxis to a subsequent insect bite?
<1%
What is the risk of another anaphylactic reaction with a bee sting after having an anaphylactic reaction after being stung for the first time?
40-50%
What condition are boys with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease at risk of?
Early onset IBD
What is the issue with function in CGD?
Neutrophils are lacking the ability to use the NADPH oxidase enzyme to produce superoxide. Neutrophils can move to site of infection but can’t kill.
Test with DHR test
What gene is associated with CGD?
CYBB (gp91hox sub unit)
What are the 5 big organisms children with CGD are at risk of?
Staph.Aureus
Nocardi
Aspergillus
Burkholderia
Serratia Species
What are the key features of leukocyte adhesion disease?
Delayed cord separation, omphalitis
WBC>15
Destructive gingivitis
Severe staph infection
No pus
Which IL produces CRP?
IL-6
What is the classical complement pathway activated by?
IgM and IgG
Which complement subunit is related to SLE?
C1q
Classical complement deficiencies are strongly associated with autoimmune conditions
Which complement subunit deficiency will cause severe pyogenic infections?
C3
What part of the complement is associated with neisseria infections?
C5-9 MAC
What is the target of alemtuzumab?
Lymphocytes and monocytes (CD52)
What mutation is associated with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
Missense mutation of Xp11.22
Encodes the WASp protein
