immunology

Question 1

4 key organs of the immune system

Answer 1

thymus spleen bone marrow and lymph nodes

Question 2

function of bone marrow and thymus

Answer 2

location of the stem cells where cells of the immune system are derived from

t cells mature in the thymus

Question 3

location of thymus

Answer 3

just above the heart
behind the sternum or breastbone

Question 4

function of spleen

Answer 4

filters blood to detect pathogens
largest lymphatic organ
contains white blood cells
controls the amount of blood in body

Question 5

function of lymph nodes

Answer 5

tissues full of immune cells located throughout the body

Question 6

4 humors

Answer 6

means liquid in latin

4 humors are
blood
yellow bile
black bike
phlegm

Question 7

innate vs adaptive immunity

Answer 7

innate - non specific and effective 1-3days
adaptive - specific and long lived 4-10days

Question 8

myeloid cells

Answer 8

mast cells
monocytes/ macrophages
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 9

lymphoid cells

Answer 9

t cells b cells

NK and Innate lymphoid cells are of lymphoid origin but are not part of the adaptive immunity. part of innate immunity

Question 10

dendritic cells origin

Answer 10

both myeloid and lymphoid

Question 11

what do granules contain

Answer 11

histamines, antimicrobial agents, degradation enzymes

Question 12

function of mast cells and basophils

Answer 12

allergic rxn (histamines)

Question 13

what are polymorphonuclear granulocyyes

Answer 13

neutrophils basophils eosinophils

Question 14

function of eosinophils

Answer 14

kill parasitic worms

Question 15

what special function does neutrophils have

Answer 15

NETs
also first responders to site of infection

Question 16

main role of dendritic cells

Answer 16

antigen presenting
forms a bridge between innate and adaptive

Question 17

function of NK cells

Answer 17

cytotoxic, releases lytic granules that kill virus-infected cells

Question 18

function of ILCs

Answer 18

not cytotoxic
released cytokines to produce an immediate immune response
present at mucosal barrier surfaces

Question 19

5 types of CD4+ T cells and 1 type of CD8+ T cells

Answer 19

TH1
TH2
TFH
TH17
Tregs

Tc (CD8+)

Question 20

what determines the fate of naive T cells?

Answer 20

signal 3 from APC

Question 21

function of Treg

Answer 21

prevent autoimmunity

Question 22

function of TH17

Answer 22

produce cytokines IL17 which recruit local non-professional immune cells to release cytokines and chemokines

Question 23

Which defence cells are phagocytic

Answer 23

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Dendritic cells

Question 24

Which defence cells are professional APC

Answer 24

Dendritic cells, B cells, macrophages

Question 25

What does helper cell 1 do

Answer 25

Activate macrophages

Question 26

What does TH1 do

Answer 26

Activate macrophages

Question 27

What does th2 do?

Answer 27

Release cytokines that activate mast cells and eosinophils

Induce B cell to differentiate into plasma cells that release antibodies

Question 28

What does TFH do?

Answer 28

Interact with B cells and tell them to divide and make antibodies

Question 29

What are the TH1 cytokines

Answer 29

Interferon gamma

Question 30

What is the cytokines for TH2

Answer 30

IL4 AND IL5

Question 31

What are the cytokines for Th17

Answer 31

IL17 AND IL22

Question 32

What are the cytokines for TFH

Answer 32

none, interacts with B cells

Question 33

What are the cytokines for Tregs

Answer 33

IL10