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Pathology and immunity > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

In the left hypochondrium

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2
Q

Function of spleen

A

Filter BLOOD not lymph fluid
Removes old RBC

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3
Q

What supplies the spleen

A

Splenic artery from the Coeliac trunk

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4
Q

What structures are related to the spleen

A

Stomach
Lung
Diaphragm
Ribs 9-11
Splenic flexure
Pancreas tail
Kidney

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5
Q

What happens to the spleen if there is portal hypertension

A

Spleen may become enlarged due to back flow from hepatic portal vein back into superior mesenteric vein and into splenic vein

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6
Q

What is the primary site of B cell maturation after leaving the bone marrow

A

Spleen

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7
Q

What is the difference between yellow and red marrow

A

Red marrow is where erythrocytes are produced. Yellow marrow is when there is an accumulation of fat

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8
Q

Where can red marrow be found in adults

A

Found in epiphysis of long bones,

Short bones
Flat bones,
Irregular bones

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9
Q

What supplies the bone marrow

A

Nutrient arteries that pierce the diaphysis

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10
Q

What type of bone makes up almost all of the adult skeleton

A

Lamellar bone

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11
Q

What forms cancellous or woven bone

A

Hgih,y active osteoblasts in children or adults who are undergoing fracture repair

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12
Q

What happens to bone marrow as we age

A

Yellow marrow replaces red marrow

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13
Q

Where is the thymus locates

A

Anterior and superior to the heart

Extends between the thyroid gland (superiorly) and fourth costal cartilage (inferiorly) within the superior mediastinum and anterior part of inferior mediastinum.

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14
Q

How many lobes does the thymus have

A

2 connected by an isthmus

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15
Q

Function of the thymus

A

Maturation and education of T cells via positive and negative selection

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16
Q

What is the histological divisions of the thymus

A

Cortex and medulla

17
Q

What 2 structures are the thymus related to

A

Thyroid gland and 4th costal cartilage

18
Q

What supplies the thymus

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Internal thoracic arteries

19
Q

What drains the thymus

A

Internal thoracic, thyroid veins -> left brachiocephallic -> superior vena cava

20
Q

What is in the white pulp of the spleen

A

White bloood cells like T cells and B cells
Lymphoid nodules

21
Q

Germinal centres

A

Hubs for T cells and B cells communication

22
Q

What is found in the red pulp

A

Macrophages to destroy old rbc
Venous sinusoids

23
Q

White pulp blood supply

A

Splenic artery -> trabeculae arteries -> central arteriole -> lymphoid nodules with germinal centres

24
Q

Red pulp blood supply

A

Venous sinusoids

25
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located

A

Lateral wall of the Oropharynx

26
Q

Blood supply of palatine tonsils

A

Branches of the external carotid artery

27
Q

Lingual tonsil location

A

Dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of tongue
Stratified squamous

28
Q

Blood supply of tongue

A

Lingual artery

29
Q

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

A

Hyoglossus
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus’
Genioglossus

30
Q

Where does the lingual artery originate from

A

External carotid artery

31
Q

What drains the tongue

A

Deep lingual vein
Dorsal lingual vein

32
Q

What is MALT

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue MALT

33
Q

Where is MALT found

A

Mucosa of pharynx gut bronchus etc
Eg. Peyers patches in ileum

Sites of recurrent pathogen infection and detection

34
Q

Where are peyers patches in the ileum

A

In the lamina propria extending into Submucosa

35
Q

Where is the appendix located

A

Posterior medial wall of the caecum where the taeni coli converge

36
Q

3 functions of the lymphatic system

A
  1. Immune surveillance
  2. Return fluid to heart
  3. Helps large molecules like hormones and lipids enter blood through lacteal
37
Q

What is lymph

A

Lymph is a c,ear fluid with three components (interstitial fluid, chyle and white blood cells)

Pathology and immunity (10 decks)

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