Healing And Repair

Question 1

What is tissue repair characterised by

Answer 1

Formation of a fibrous scar

Question 2

3 cell types involved in tissue regeneration

Answer 2

Labile,stable, permanent

Question 3

What are the 2 types of granulation tissue

Answer 3

Vascular and fibrous

Question 4

What is the growth factor that drives angiogenesis

Answer 4

VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor

Question 5

What are the two types of formation of new capillaries

Answer 5

Sprouting and intussusceptive (splitting)

Question 6

What is fibrosis

Answer 6

Deposition of collagen to form fibrous connective tissue

Question 7

What is a hamartoma vs hematoma

Answer 7

Hamartoma is a benign mass of disorganized tissue
Hematoma is the formation of a blood clot at the site of fracture

Question 8

What are the four stages of soft tissue healing

Answer 8

Clotting
Inflammation
Proliferation
Maturation

Question 9

Regeneration and restoration is usually acute
Repair is usually due to chronic inflammation

Question 10

What is regeneration of tissue

Answer 10

Replacement with functional, differentiated cells
Completely functional as before the damage

Question 11

What is repair of tissue

Answer 11

Production of fibrous scar that may change the tissue structure and potentially the function

Question 12

Which cells are conditional renewal cells

Answer 12

Stable cells

Question 13

What are some examples of permanent cells

Answer 13

Nerve fibres, heart, muscle, brain tissue

Question 14

Granulation tissue is not the same as granulomas
What is granulation tissue

Answer 14

New connective tissue

Question 15

Fibroblasts function

Answer 15

Makes collagen
Drives process of fibrosis
Formation of new connective tissue

Question 16

Function of growth factors

Answer 16

Cytokines or hormones that is Produced by many immune cells

Function to PROMOTE CELL SURVIVAL
promote or inhibit cell growth, bind receptors on cell surfaces, homeostasis

Question 17

If there is a VEGF gradient, what occurs

Answer 17

Sprouting of new blood vessels

Of no gradient, splitting occurs

Question 18

What cells produces VEGF

Answer 18

Innate immune cells

Question 19

Examples of growth factors

Answer 19

EGF epidermal growth factor
TGF-alpha transforming growth factor alpha
TGP-beta
FGF fibroblast growth factor stimulates fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial cell regeneration

Question 20

Growth factors related to M2 macrophages (repair and immune suppression)

Answer 20

TGF-beta
PDGF (platelet derived growth factor)
VEGF
EGF

Question 21

What occurs during maturation phase

Answer 21

Tissue remodelling of the disorganized granulation tissue

Question 22

Up to what percentage of tensile strength is regained from tissue remodelling

Answer 22

Cross linking of collagen fibres allows u to regain up to 80% of pre injury strength

Question 23

Primary vs secondary intentions

Answer 23

Primary only regenration of tissue required
Secondly intention refers to regeneration and repair, scarring involved

Question 24

Hard tissue repair => fracture healing
How many stages

Answer 24

3
Inflammatory
Repairing
Remodelling

Question 25

Inflammation has 4 stages
Healing has 4 stages
Fracture healing has 3 stages

Answer 25

Inflammation - imitation progression amplification resolution if not chronic

Healing - coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, maturation

Fracture - Inflmmatoey, repairing , remodelling