Immuno Cell Types Flashcards

1
Q

natural killer cells

A

use perforin / granzymes –> apoptosis of viral / tumor cells.
only lymphocyte of innate immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cytokines increasing NK cells activity

A

IL2, IL12, IFNB, IFNa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechanism of NK cells killing

A

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

A

CD16 binds Fc regions of bound Ig –> NK activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

positive T cell selection

A

occurs i the thymic cortex. T cells expressing TCRs that can bind surface self MHC molecules survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

negative T cell selection

A

occurs in medulla. T cells expressing TCRs with high affinity for self antigens undergo apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 signals required for T cell activation

A

1) MHC II cell presents antigen

2) costimulatory signal given by B7 / CD28

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 signals required for B cell activation / class switching

A

1) helper T cell activated by MHC II antigen mediated activation
2) CD40 on B cell binds CD40 ligand on Th cell
3) Th cell secretes cytokines –> Ig class switching of B cell via affinity maturation + antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antigen presenting cells: 3 types

A

B cells
macrophages
dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Th1 cell secretes

A

IFN y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Th2 cell secretes

A

Il4, IL5, Il6, IL13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Th1 activates

A

macrophage + cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). used for INTRACELLULAR organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Th2 function

A

recruits eosinophils for parasite defense / promotes IgE production by B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

kill virus infected, neoplastic, donor graft cells via apoptosis induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cytotoxic T cell mechanism

A

release cytotoxic granules w/ perforin (deliver granules into target cell) + granzyme B (serine protease, which activates apoptosis inside target cell), granulysin (antimicrobial inducing apoptosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

regulatory T cells suppresses

A

CD4 / CD8 T cell effector n –> maintain specific immune tolerance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

regulatory T cells expresses

A

CD3, CD4, CD25, transcription factor FOXP3

18
Q

Fab region on antibody

A

1) binds antigen

2) determines IDIOtype (unique antigen binding pocket)

19
Q

Fc region

A

1) constant
2) carboxy terminal
3) site of complement binding
4) carbohydrate side changes
5) determines ISOtype (IgM, IgD)

20
Q

how is antibody diversity generated

A

1) random VJ / V(D)J recombination
2) random heavy chain / light chain combos
3) somatic hypermutation after antigen stimulation
4) addition of nucleotides to DNA during recombination via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

21
Q

thymus independent antigens

A

lacks a peptide component –> it cannot be presented by MHC to T cells.
weak / nonimmunogenic.

22
Q

ex. of a thymus independent antigen

A

lipoplysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria. vaccines made from this require a booster (i.e.: pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine)

23
Q

thymus dependent antigen

A

antigens w/ protein component (class switching + immunologic memory via direct contact of B cells / Th Cd40 interaction)

24
Q

thymus dependent antigen vaccine example

A

diphtheria vaccine

25
3 mechanisms for activation of complement
1) classical pathway: IgG / IgM 2) alternative: microbe surface molecules 3) lecithin pathway: mannose / other sugars on microbe surface
26
functions of complement 3b
opsonization; binds BACTERIA
27
function of C3a, 4a, 5a
anaphylaxis
28
function of C5a
neutrophil chemotaxis
29
function of C5b-9
cytolysis by MAC
30
inhibitors of complement
1) DAF (decay accelerating factor / CD55) | 2) C1 esterase inhibitor --> prevents complement activation on self-cells (RBC)
31
TNFa function
1) SEPTIC SHOCK 2) activation of endothelium 3) leukocyte recruitment / vascular leakage
32
Macrophage secretions
IL1, Il6, Il8, Il12, TNF-a
33
Th1 secretion:
interferon y
34
cytokines secreted by T cells
Il2 / Il3(bone marrow stem cells)
35
effects of interferon a + b
innate host defense against viruses resulting in apoptosis and interrupting viral amplification 1) activation of RNAse L --> degradation of viral / host mRNA 2) protein kinase --> inhibition of viral / host protein synthesis
36
T cell surface proteins
TCR (binds antigen-MHC complex) CD3 (TCR + signal transduction) CD28 (B7 on APC)
37
Helper T cell surface proteins
CD4, CD40 ligand
38
cytotoxic T cells surface markers
CD8
39
B cell surface markers
CD19, 20, 21, CD40, MHC II / B7
40
macrophages surface markers
CD14, CD40, MHC II, B7. Fc / C3b receptors, enhancing phagocytosis
41
NK surface markers
Cd16 (binds Fc of IgG), Cd56 --> marker for NK
42
macrophage surface receptor
CD14 (kupffer cells, mesangial, alveolar macrophages, microglia)