immuno

Question 1

where do you find macrophages in LN

Answer 1

medullary sinus

Question 2

where do you find T cells in LN

Answer 2

paracortex

Question 3

where do you find B cells in LN

Answer 3

follicle of cortex

pale central germinal are where they are actively differentiating with isotype switching

Question 4

where do you find T cells in the spleen

Answer 4

PALS

periaterial lymphatic sheath

Question 5

where are B cells in the spleen

Answer 5

germinal centers in the white pulp

Question 6

cell markers for macrophages

Answer 6

CD 14, CD40, MHC 2, B7

Question 7

cell markers for B cells

Answer 7

CD 19, 20, 21 (receptor for EBV)

CD40 MHC 2, B7

Question 8

cerebellar defects (ataxia)
spider angiomas
IgA deficiency

Answer 8

Ataxia telangitasias

defect in ATM, DNA repair gene. Very sensitive to ionizing radiation

Question 9

what cell prevents hematogenous spread of candida

Answer 9

neutrophils

Question 10

What is released from the mitochondria during intrinsic pathway apoptosis

Answer 10

cytochrome c

Question 11

proximal muscle weakness

muscle bx shows MHC I overexpression on the sarcolemma and CD8 lymphcyte proliferation

Answer 11

polymyositis

Question 12

urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis

Answer 12

reactive arthritis, associated with sacroilitis

HLA B27

Question 13

delayed separation of the umbilical cord

Answer 13

leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1–> defective LFA-1 integrin

Question 14

sore throat and fever with cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly

peripheral blood smear shows large lymphocytes with edges conforming to neighboring cells

Answer 14

EBV

these are CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Question 15

what kind of Ig is anti D (Rh)?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

describe mechanism of acute rejection

Answer 16

Host T cell sensitization against graft MHC (happens fast)

Question 17

What is rheumatoid factor?

Answer 17

IgM Ab against Fc of self Ig

Question 18

recurrent viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections

no thymus

Answer 18

SCID

can be caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency

Question 19

Thrombocytic purpura
infections
Ezcema

Answer 19

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

decreased IgM
increased IgE, IgA

Question 20

What proteins are necessary on a cell to be infected by HIV

Answer 20

CD4

CCR5 (chemokine receptor)

Question 21

histology of acute rejection

Answer 21

dense interstitial infiltrate

Question 22

histology of chronic rejection

Answer 22

fibrosis of graft tissue and blood vessels (obliterative vascular fibrosis)

Question 23

recurrent bacterial infections after 6mo
absence of thymic shadow
decreased B cells and Ig

Answer 23

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
X linked recessive
blocks pro B cells from forming pre B cells

Question 24

IL-12 receptor deficiency tx

Answer 24

no IL12 receptor–> decreased TH1–> decreased IFN gamma

Question 25

``` facies non inflammed staph abcess retained primary teeth eczema increased IgE ```

Answer 25

hyper IgE cells cannot make IFN gamma--> decreased suppression of TH2--> increased IgE

Question 26

frequent infections by catalase positive organisms | negative nitroblye tetrazolium dye reduction test on neutrophils

Answer 26

Chronic granulomatous disease not producing NADPH oxidase--> decreased oxygen species

Question 27

mechanism of hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 27

defective CD40L on helper T cells--> cannot bind B cells and induce class switching--> can only make IgM no switching--> no germinal centers in LN (where B cells differentiate)

Question 28

cell marker for NK cells

Answer 28

CD56, CD16

Question 29

inhibitory cytokines

Answer 29

TGF beta IL10 (from Th2 inhibiting Th1) IFN gamma (from Th1 suppressing Th2)

Question 30

albanism recurrent staph and strep infections peripheral neuropathy

Answer 30

Chediak-Higashi defect in fusion of lysosome and phagosome

Question 31

what cellular changes does IFN alpha and beta induce?

Answer 31

inhibits viral protein synthesis and degradation of intracellular mRNA by inducing production of ribonuclease

Question 32

What cells produced IFN gamma and what is its effect?

Answer 32

macrophages and Tcells promotes Th1 differentiation, activates macrophages and increases MHCII production.