GI Flashcards
Lab markers for biliary damage
Alk phos, GGT
Labs indicating hepato cellular damage
AST, ALT
Lab markers for liver function (most important in prognosis for cirrhosis)
Serum albumin levels, Prothrombin time Bilirubin levels (all made in liver)
Cause of hyper Acute transplant rejection and grace/Histology description
Cause: preformed antibodies in a host against donor
Morph: Gross mottling and cyanosis arterial fibroid necrosis and capillary thrombotic occlusio
Cause of acute transplant rejection and gross/histology
Cause: donor antigens induces humoral/Cellular activation of immune cells
Humoral: C4d deposition, neutrophil infiltrate, necrotizing vasculitis
Cellular: lymphocytic interstitial infiltrate and endothelitis
Cause of chronic transplant rejection and gross/histology
Cause: chronic low-grade immune reaction refractory to immunosuppression
Morphology: vascular wall thickening and luminal narrowing, interstitial fibrosis and parenchyma atrophy
Treatment for carcinoid syndrome symptoms and mechanism of action
Octreotide
somatostatin Analog that inhibits secretion of hormones, stops secretory diarrhea
malformations associated with imperforate anus
most common: urogenital tract anomolies
VACTRL
suppression of 7 alpha hydroxylase
increased cholesterol because there is decreased conversion to bile acids–> increase in gallstones
ulcers in what part of the GI tract is least associated with carcinoma in that location
duodenum
most likely outcome after HCV infection
stable chronic hepatitis
most likely outcome after HBV infection
clearance of infection
spider angiomata and gynecomastia in cirrhosis are due to
hyperestrogenism
what condition predisposes a patient to hematogenous dissemntation of candida
low neutrophil count
calories from 1g of
protein
carobs
fat
protein and carbs: 1g=4 cal
fat: 1g=9cal
type B chronic gastritis
erythema of antral mucosa with inflammatory cell infiltrates
associated with h. pylori
increased risk for gastric adenocarcinoma and MA:T lymphoma
oral antibacteriocidal antibiotic with minimal systemic absorption for C diff colitis
fidaxomicin
vancomycin and metronidazole are bacteriostatic
liver bx showing caverous blood filled vascular spaces
caverous hemangioma
most common benign liver tumor
do not bx–> very bloody
How does crohns cause kidney stones
impaired bile acid absoprtion–> increased fat in stool
fat binds Ca in stool
oxalate cannot bind Ca and is reabsporbed (normally binds Ca and cannot be absorbed)
forms ca oxalate stones
virus that buds from cell NUCLEAR membrane
CMV
herpes virus
define mucosal erosions
does not extend through the muscularis mucosa
ulcer penetrates muscularis mucosa
How does shigella intiate infection
gets into GI mucosa through M cells in Peyer’s patches in ileum through endocytosis
lyses endosome and multiples–> spreads through epithelial cells
lynch syndrome associated with what mutation and problem
p53, defect in DNA mismatch repair genes
liver bx with eosionphilic ground glass appearance
cytoplasm filled with spheres and tubules
HBV
