immunizations Flashcards
what is active immunity
when the body recogizes a foreign protein and begins producing antibodies to react with that protein or antigen
occurs with:
- vaccination or having the illness
- lifelong immunity
what is passive immunity
when pre formed antibodies are injected and react with a specific antigen
- limited immunity, immediate help
- immunity “loaned” from another person or animal
- helpful with people with weakened immune systems
what is immunization
process of artificially stimulating active immunity by exposing the body to weakened proteins
goal: causes a limited immune response
immunization is what happens to your body after you receive the vaccine
what are vaccines
the injection containing the weakened or altered protein antigens
- stimulate formation of antibodies (active immunity)
- take about 2 weeks to be effective
name some types of vaccines
bacterial:
- meningococcal
- pneumococcal
toxoids:
- diptheria
- tetanus
viral infection:
- influenza
- MMR
- HPV
name some shit that can be used as biological weapons and if we have a vaccine for it
- anthrax: vaccine available for military
- plague: no vaccine
- botulism: botulinum toxoid/also anti-toxoid
- smallpox: vaccine for military/high risk
- viral hemorrhagic fever: no vaccines
what are some therapeutic actions of vaccines
stimulate active immunity in people who are at risk for development of a particular disease
what are some contradindications of vaccines
- immune deficiency
- allergies
what are some adverse effects of vaccines
immune or inflammatory reaction
what are some drug-drug interactions for vaccines
immunosuppresant drugs
describe immune sera and some types
found in immune globulin from an animal/humans, provide passive immunity to a specific antigen: pathogen, venom, or toxin
- immune sera: contain antibodies to specific bacteria or viruses
- antitoxin: immune sera that have antibodies to specific toxins
- antivenin: immune sera that have antibodiea to venom
what are some examples of immune sera
- immune globulin
- antivenin
- black widow spider antivenin
- crotalidae polyvalent immune fab (rattlesnack bites)
what are some drug-drug interactions with immune sera
immune suppressant drugs
whats the therapeutic action of immune sera
- used to provide passive immunity
- lessen severity of a disease after exposure
whats a contraindication of immune sera
history of a reaction in past
what are some adverse effects of immune sera
- immune system response
- allergic response
a nurse is giving a vaccine to a patient. what common side effect of vaccines should the nurse include?
1) skin rash
2) redness and soreness at injection site
3) muscle weakness and difficulty walking
4) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
2) redness and soreness at injection site
the nurse knows that which of the following meds may lead to a decreased immune response from a vaccination?
1) levothyroxine
2) prednisone
3) metoprolol
4) lovastatin
2) prednisone
it is a steroid which works by suppressing the immune system and the inflammatory response. suppressing the immune system will lead to decreased immune response after a vaccination
