drugs affecting the immune system

Question 1

what are the layers of defense

Answer 1

• barrier defenses
• cellular defenses
• inflammatory response
• immune response

Question 2

describe barrier defense

Answer 2

protect internal tissues and organs by preventing entry of pathogens and serve as a first line of defense

Question 3

whats included in the barrier defense

Answer 3

• skin
• mucous membranes (cilia and normal flora)
• gastric acid
• major histocompatibility complex (how the body marks its own self cells)

Question 4

describe cellular defenses

Answer 4

if a pathogen makes it past the first line of defense the bodies immune system and inflammatory response kicks in

Question 5

name two parts of the cellular defense

Answer 5

myeloid stem cells and lymphoid tissue

Question 6

name some myeloid stem cells

Answer 6

• neutrophils
• basophils
• eosinophils
• monocytes

Question 7

describe neutrophils

Answer 7

• first responder
• engulfs and digests pathogen

Question 8

describe basophils

Answer 8

• carry chemical messengers
• gets that inflammatory response started

Question 9

describe eosinophils

Answer 9

active in an allergic reaction

Question 10

describe monocytes

Answer 10

• full mature WBCs
• ingest pathogens, dead cells, and necrotic tissues

Question 11

whats included in the lymphoid tissue

Answer 11

• lymph nodes
• spleen
• thymus gland
• bone marrow

Question 12

describe lymph nodes

Answer 12

• found all throughout the body
• works surveillance, constantly looking for a pathogen to fuck up
• stores some WBcs to be released when needed

Question 13

what does the spleen do

Answer 13

no idea, dont worry about it

Question 14

describe the thymus gland

Answer 14

where T cells mature

Question 15

describe the bone marrow as it relates to lymphoid tissue

Answer 15

where B cells mature

Question 16

what two cells are important in immune response

Answer 16

T cells and B cells

Question 17

describe T cells

Answer 17

• cell-mediated immunity
• mature in thymus
• these dudes just wanna fight

Question 18

describe B cells

Answer 18

• humoral immunity/antibodies
• mature in bone marrow and spleen
• remember certain antigens and already have a specific way to fuck it up, released when that specific antigen is found in the body

Question 19

what are antibodies and why are they important

Answer 19

• memories that the B cells make
• they are the bodies basic immune response

Question 20

name 5 antibodies

Answer 20

• IGM
• IgG
• IgA
• IgE
• IgD

Question 21

describe IGM

Answer 21

• first responder
• made after the first exposure to a pathogen

Question 22

describe IgG

Answer 22

• second response
• most abundant antibody

Question 23

describe IgA

Answer 23

• found in mucous membranes
• prevent attachment

Question 24

describe IgE

Answer 24

can cause immediate allergic reaction

Question 25

describe IgD

Answer 25

not sure of role yet

Question 26

what are cytokines

Answer 26

- chemical messengers - immune cells release these guys - depending on need, different cytokines can be released

Question 27

name three cytokines

Answer 27

- interferons - interleukins - tumor necrosing factor

Question 28

describe interferons

Answer 28

cytokines for viruses

Question 29

describe interleukins

Answer 29

cytokines specific to inflammatory cascade

Question 30

describe tumor necrosing factor

Answer 30

cytokines that turn on the inflammatory cascade, usually active in cancer cells

Question 31

name some different disorders of the immune system

Answer 31

- cancer - viral invasion of cells - autoimmune disease - transplant rejection

Question 32

describe erythropoeisis stimulation

Answer 32

- bone marrow produces new RBCs - erythropoietin is released by the kidney and stimulates the bone marrow to make more RBCs - the release of erythropoietin is triggered by low O2 (could be caused by hemorrhage, anemia, COPD)

Question 33

which cell is a type of myelocyte? 1) T cell 2) memory B cell 3) neutrophil 4) lymphoid

Answer 33

3) neutrophil *myelocytes include neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. they are important for inflammation and immune response. lymphocytes are t cells, B cells, and NK cells.*