Immunity in plants and animals Flashcards
what are protective mechanisms that vertebrates have
general protective mechanisms and advanced protective mechanisms
What is the Immune system
a complex network of organs containing cells which recognise and destroy foreign substances that invade our bodies.
What does the Immune System protect vertebrates from?
It protects vertebrates against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and other parasites.
What do pathogens do to plants
Plant pathogens impair plant growth and reproduction
How do plants identify pathogens
Plants usecell surface receptorscalledpattern recognition receptorsto identify pathogens that have invaded the plant and start a response.
State the immune response from plants
the plant activates a response that produceschemical substances.
The release of these chemicals by the plantmayeither preventthe infection or act as chemical messengers that signal the plant to produceother compounds to fight the infections
What are the three main defense systems for The immune system of any organism
- 1: This defense system usesphysical barriersto prevent pathogens from entering the body. If a pathogen gets past this range of physical barriers, a second defense system called the innate immune system provides an immediate response.
- 2:Theinate or non-specific immune systemworks against any pathogen, with great limitations, however. It is found in all plants and animals and is the most basic of instinctive immune systems. Should a pathogen get past this defense system, vertebrates have a third defense system, called the adaptive or specific immune system.
- 3:The innate immune system activates the adaptive immune system, which can recognise and work on one particular kind of pathogen. Humans have the most complex adaptive immune system in nature.
what are the first line of defense
Theouter layers of an organism’s body
what are some examples of the first line of defence
skin, membrane tissue, earwax, tears and digestive juices
what is the second line of defense
Theinnate or non-specific immune system
how does the second line of defense work.
it is non specific and will attack any foreign matter entering your body
what is the third line of defense called
The adaptive or specific immune system
how is the third system different to the other two
the adaptive immune constantlyevolves(changes/improves). As you are exposed to new pathogens, the adaptive immune system finds new ways to deal with invaders. Germs are continuallychangingand, therefore, the adaptive immune systemhas to follow suit.
