Immunity Ch 3 Flashcards
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
Lymphocytes are programmed to attack non-self cells to protect body
Self antigens
Immune system ignores “self” cells
Non-self antigens
Immune system recognizes specific non self antigens as foreign
Development of specific response
Memory cells produced
Humoral immunity
Antibodies are produced to protect the body
Components of the immune system
Lymph nodes Spleen Tonsils Intestinal lymph tissue Lymphatic circulation
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Bone marrow
Thymus
IgG
Most common in blood
Placenta –> fetus
IgM
First to increase in immune response
Memory
IgA
In secretions
Tears
Saliva
Mucous membranes
Colostrum
IgE
Allergic response
Inflammation
Releases histamine and chemicals
IgD
Attached to B cells
Activates B cells
Natural immunity
Species specific
Innate immunity
Gene specific
Related to ethnicity
Primary immune response
First exposure to antigen
1-2 weeks for antibody titter to reach efficacy
Secondary immune response
Repeat exposure to the same antigen
More rapid response with efficacy in 1-3 days
Active natural immunity
Natural exposure to antigen
Development of antibodies
Active artificial immunity
Antigen purposefully introduced to body
Stimulation of antibody production
ie: immunization, booster
Passive natural immunity
igG transferred from mother to fetus
Across placenta
Breast milk
Protection of infant for first few months
Passive artificial immunity
Injection of antibodies
Short term protection
NOT an immunization shot
Hyperacute rejection
Rejected Immediately after transplant
Acute rejection
Rejects after several weeks
Chronic/late rejection
Rejects after months or years
What drugs do we give transplant patients?
Immunosuppressive drugs
Cyclosporine
Azathioprine
Prednisone
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction
Possibly anaphylaxis
Type II hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
Ie: response to incompatible blood transfusion
Type III hypersensitivity
Immune complex hypersensitivity
Antigen combines with antibody
ie: systemic lupus
Type IV hypersensitivity
Cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity
Ie: poison ivy, rash shows up 3 days after exposure
Autoimmune disorders
Development of antibodies against own cells
ie: lupus, myasthenia gravis, hashimotos, rheumatic fever, pernicious anemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Chronic inflammatory disease
Affects a number of organs
Butterfly rash
Affects young woman mostly
Higher in Africa Americans, hispanics, Asians, native Americans
Inflammation and necrosis may occur
S&S: arthralgia, malaise, polyuria, fatigue
SLE tests and treatment
Tests: LE cells, serum antibodies
Treatment: rheumatologist
Prednisone and NSAIDS
