Immunity And Coagulation

Question 1

Human body

Answer 1

Is regularly exposed to conditions wherr the risk of damage is high due to injury or infective agents

Question 2

Immune system

Answer 2

Functions to protect the body through s number of processes

Question 3

Coagulation

Answer 3

Protects against excessive blood loss and assist in tissue repair

Question 4

Innate and natural immunity component

Answer 4

Natural barriers

Inflammation

Question 5

Natural barriers

Answer 5

First line of defence

Question 6

Inflammation

Answer 6

Occurs where there is a breach in the firet line of defense or in case of injury

Question 7

Natural barriers include

Answer 7

Physical and opportunistic organisms

Question 8

Physical barriers

Answer 8

Cover the external parts of the body and inlcude the epithelial skin cells, cell linknf and mucous memebrane

Other barriers are hair, cilia and mucous production

Lower skin temp and lower ph levels of mucosea also inhibit microorganisms colonisation

Question 9

Epithelial cells

Answer 9

Secrete a number of substances that will trap potential invading organisms including perspiration, enzymes, ear wac, tears, saliva

Question 10

Perspiration tears and saliva

Contains

Answer 10

Lysozyme and enzyme that attaches cell walls of gram +ve bacteria

Question 11

Subcutaneous glands

Answer 11

Secrete fatty acids and lactic acids which inhibit growth of fungi and bacteria

Question 12

Epithelial cells are secrete more than

Answer 12

1000 diffeeebt antimicrobial peptides that will inhibit some disease causing bacteria, fungi and viruses

Question 13

Normal body flora

Answer 13

Non-pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit diffreent areas of the body. Each body surface is colonised by a specific group of mainly bacteria but also some fungi which are commensally ot mutualistically beneficial

Question 14

Opportunistic organisms

Answer 14

Making up the nirmal body flora

This means that guven the ideal circumstances/breakdown in natural defences they will become pathogenic

Question 15

Pseudomonas aeiginosa

Answer 15

Normal skin epithelium will secrete a towxin protecring the host from staphylococcus onfections when allowed to enter wounds or burns can cause severe infections

Question 16

Inflammation

Answer 16

Second line of defence
Innate immuse system will respond to ang tissue damage (septic or non-septic( and activates both humoral(blood) and cellular system

Question 17

Inflammation occurs when

Answer 17

In all tissue with a blood supply
Immediate on injury
Depends on cellular and chemical agents mis non-specific, ang injury or damage will illicit the same response

Question 18

Inflammatory process

Answer 18

Vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability
Migration of wbs in the surrounding tissue

Question 19

Vasodilation

Answer 19

Increases blood supple to the site

Question 20

Increased vascular permeability

Answer 20

Leaking of fluid into the extra vascular space

Increased concentration of rbc in vascular space and slowing of blood bvelocity due to increased viscosity

Question 21

3 plasma protein system invilve in inflammation

Answer 21

Complement system
Kinin system
Clotting system

Question 22

Plasma protein is system made up of

Answer 22

A number of plasma proteins which mostly occur in an inactive form
Each system has some
Protein that are activated in inflammation, which when activated, active other protein creating a cascade of reaction

Question 23

Complement system

Answer 23

Part

Of the immune system that