Immune System Respone Flashcards
Extracellular Infections Outline
Bacteria/parasites that reproduce outside of cell eg streptococcus pyogenes and schistoma mansoni
Intracellular Infections
Organisms that invade cells to reproduce/evade infection/survive. Eg viruses and mycobacterium torulosis
Innate Response to Extracellular Infection
Complement, inflammation and phagocytosis
Complement System Outline
Different antigens activate different pathways with different functions (opsin, inflammation, phagocytosis and membrane attack complex). Antigens stimulate cleaving of proteins
Membrane Attack Complex Outline
Used to break down thick cell walls
Phagocytosis Activators
Mannose, complement proteins and scavenger receptors
What kills pathogens in phagocytes
phagolysosome shows reactive oxidative species and nitric oxide
Cytokines that stimulate inflammation
TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and prostaglandin
T cell differentiation stimulation
IL-12, IL-10 and IL-23
Oponisation Outline
Antibodies coat pathogen stimulating more efficient phagocytosis
Fc Gamma R3 Receptors Outline
Ig G antibody of cell membrane. Natural Killer cells bind and kill infected cells by discharing granules
Viral Infection Outline
capsid proteins bind to host cell membrane, viruses uncoat, replication, transcription, translation, packaging, budding and exit
Viral pattern recognition receptors Outline
Capsid proteins (TLR2, TLR6 and TLR4, extracellular), Viral RNA (TLR3, intracellular) and cytoplasmic RNA (RIG 1, imtracellular)
Innate Immune Response Outline
IFN 1s are produced by cells infected by virus. Infected cells and those local shut down (to stop spread) and increase antigen presentation (MH1 presentation). Activation of innate immunity (NKs, macrophages and dendretic cells). Induction of adaptive immunity
Natural Killer Cells Function
Produce granzymes and perforins to kill infected/cancerous cells
2 types of signal NKs receive on binding
Inhibitory (binds to MHC 1 free of antigen) or stimulatory (binds to MHC 1 with antigen)
Humoral Immunity
The role antibodies have in the removal of viral infection
How innate immunity stops
After antigen is eliminated nothing stimulates T/B cell proliferation, leukocytes undergo apoptosis several days after formation and inhibitory sigmals (eg IgG bindding to Fcgamma 3 receptors on B cells)
