Immune System: CHP 9

Question 1

What does the red bone marrow do as a lymphoid organ?

Answer 1

It is where stem cells divide and develop into mature B and T lymphocytes.

Question 2

What does the thymus do as a lymphoid organ?

Answer 2

Behind the breastbone, it is where T cells mature.

Question 3

What do the lymph nodes do as a lymphoid organ?

Answer 3

Bean-shaped tissues along lymphatic system that filter/trap germs and create antibodies in the blood.

Question 4

What does the spleen do as a lymphoid organ?

Answer 4

It is in the left upper abdomen and stores immune cells and controls the levels of RBC, WBC, and platelets.

Question 5

What do the tonsils do as a lymphoid organ?

Answer 5

They stop germs from entering the body thru the mouth and they contain white blood cells.

Question 6

What do the mucous membranes do as lymphoid organs?

Answer 6

Immune cells lie directly beneath the membranes and prevent viruses and bacteria from attaching.

Question 7

What is innate immunity?

Answer 7

Physical/chemical barriers
Non-specific combat against pathogen
Preset response present from birth

Question 8

What is adaptive immunity?

Answer 8

Specific reactions to pathogens
There are many receptors for all different types of antigens
It has memory for future encounters with pathogens

Question 9

What is an antigen presenting cell?

Answer 9

It ingests, processes, and presents foreign pathogen. They are located in mucous membranes, skin, and lymph nodes.

Question 10

What are T Cells responsible for?

Answer 10

T cells are the main attackers that focus on specific foreign particles. (Cell mediated immunity)

Question 11

What are B Cells responsible for?

Answer 11

B cells are in charge of making antibodies. (Antibody mediated immunity)

Question 12

Give examples of the first line of defense.

Answer 12

Unbroken skin: physical layer to microbes.
Nose/mouth: hair filters dust, saliva washes away, mucus traps.

Question 13

Give examples of the second line of defense.

Answer 13

Antimicrobial chemicals
Phagocytosis
Inflammation
Fever

Question 14

Give examples of the third line of defense.

Answer 14

Memory cells
Cytotoxic T cells (kills foreign cells)
Helper T cells (activate immune cells after sensing pathogen)

Question 15

What is a memory cell?

Answer 15

A cell that is capable of responding to a specific antigen upon reintroduction, long after the exposure that prompted its production.

Question 16

Explain primary/secondary responses.

Answer 16

Primary: During initial exposure, not many cells exist for pathogen. Response may take days or weeks. Memory cells are being produced for future exposure.
Secondary: Response is strong in hours or days. The cells are long lasting and have antibodies for immunological memory.

Question 17

Explain vaccines.

Answer 17

Vaccines contain weakened or dead pathogen. B/T cells are activated in a full immune response after vaccine. The body begins to make memory cells. Some vaccines need boosters to maintain enough memory cells.