Cell Reproduction: CHP14 Flashcards
Describe the three steps of interphase.
G1: growth phase/protein synthesis for replication
S: DNA replication
G2: growth phase/protein synthesis for division
Describe mitosis.
Produces new somatic cells
With the diploid # of chromosomes
Used for growth and tissue repair
What is the product of mitosis?
2 daughter cells with the same organelle content as the parent cell with identical DNA
What are the 4 phases of cellular reproduction?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is a chromosome?
threadlike structure of DNA carrying genetic info in the form of genes
What are the steps of replication of a chromosome?
Chromatin to chromatid to chromosome
Describe the S phase.
Enzymes work together to pull apart 2 strands to be used as a template to synthesize new strands.
Daughter molecules contain one preexisting strand and one new strand.
Describe prophase.
The nucleus/Nuclear membrane disappears
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Centrosomes migrate to opposite ends of cell and form mitotic spindle
Microtubules attach to centromere of each chromosome
Describe metaphase.
Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and form a metaphase plate.
Describe anaphase (fastest phase).
Chromatids separate and become chromosomes
Chromosome number is doubled
Chromosomes are moved toward the centrioles at the end of each cell pole
Describe telophase.
Chromatids condense into chromatin, nuclear envelope forms, and nucleoli appear.
Cytoplasm pinches in the middle (cleavage furrow) and divides to form 2 separate cells
What is cytokinesis?
When identical cells carry out normal functions and grow until the next division
What is meiosis?
Sexual reproduction that produces gametes, produces 4 haploid cells
What differences does meiosis have compared to mitosis?
Tetrad formation in prophase I, newly formed cells immediately enter meiosis II making 4 haploid cells
What are tetrads?
Homologous pairs of chromosomes
