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From Flashcardlet > Immune system > Flashcards

Immune system Flashcards

0
Q

immunological conditions that can develop include

A

hypersensitivity response (allergies); immune deficiencies or autoimmune disorders

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1
Q

the body’s ability to protect its self from foreign agents or organisms

A

Immunity

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2
Q

a disorder where the body identifies it’s own cells as foreign and activates mechanisms to destroy them (lupus, RA)

A

autoimmune disorder

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3
Q

What does test determines the effectiveness of antimicrobials

A

C & S

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4
Q

in a C & S what does the small #mean

A

most potent and use last

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5
Q

in a C & S what does the large # mean

A

least effective so use first

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6
Q

B lymphocytes produce

A

antibodies

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7
Q

what kind of immunity is present at birth

A

natural immunity

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8
Q

what kind of immunity is it when antibodies develop as a result of exposure to disease or vaccine

A

active acquired immunity

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9
Q

what kind of immunity is it when antibodies obtained from an animal or another human who has been exposed to an antigen

A

passive acquired immunity

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10
Q

what diagnostic tests may be done to check for immunity

A

CBC, ESR, ANA, CD4, ELISA, RF, WBC, WESTERN BLOT, RAST

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11
Q

What type reaction occurs immediately upon exposure to a specific antigen

A

type 1

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12
Q

what is the most common reaction to type 1 reaction

A

allergic rhinitis

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13
Q

what type of reaction is the destruction of cells or substances with antigens attached that IgG or IgM senses as foreign

A

type 2 reaction

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14
Q

what type reaction is it when local reaction that is evident after several hrs

A

type 3 reaction

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15
Q

delayed reaction, involving sensitized t-cells coming in contact with an allergen

A

type 4 reaction

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16
Q

what is the most serious allergic reaction

A

anaphylaxis

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17
Q

vaccine=

A

dead microbes

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18
Q

toxoid=

A

weakened toxin

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19
Q

what syndrome is it when severe allergic rx causing the skin to slough off

A

steven johnson syndrome

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20
Q

what is the most common type of tissue transplant

A

blood

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21
Q

chills, n/v, back pain, fever, hypotension, hematuria, or oliguria these are signs and symptoms of

A

acute hemolytic

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22
Q

acute hemolytic symptoms result from

A

ABO incompatibility

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23
Q

when does acute hemolytic occur

A

usually within the 1st 15 mins of a transfusion, but can develop anytime during transfusion

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24
Q

what lab do u get if s/s occur for an acute hemolytic

A

urine specimen

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25
Q

GI malfunction, resp. failure, and cardiovascular collapse occurring within minutes of starting transfusion is called

A

anaphylactic reaction

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26
Q

what do u do if anaphylactic reaction occurs during blood tranfusion

A

stop transfusion immediately, infuse normal saline, and administer emergency drugs

27
Q

4 steps before administering blood

A
  1. verify unit of blood with lab tech
  2. verify unit of blood against the order on the chart
  3. verify unit of blood with another licensed nurse
  4. verify pt’s blood band number with the BB number on the unit of blood
28
Q

how is blood infused

A

1 unit should be infused in 4 hrs or less with v.s. q15 mins x4 and q30mins until infused

29
Q

if transfusion reaction occurs what do u do

A

send blood tubing and a urine specimen to lab for a UA

30
Q

chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint stiffness

A

rheumatoid arthritis

31
Q

goals for management of RA

A

reduce inflammation, decrease pain, maintain normal joint function and promoting general health

32
Q

medications for RA

A

ASA, NSAIDS, methatrexate, gribrel, corticosteroids and antimalarials

33
Q

chronic, progressive, incurable autoimmune disorder that is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation

A

SLE

34
Q

11 criteria used for diagnosing SLE

A

malar rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral ulcers, arthritis, serositis (inflammation of the lining of the heart or lungs), renal disorder, neurologic disorder, hematologic disorder, positive ANA, Immunologic disorder

35
Q

the process of removing a pt’s plasma, using a special machine to eliminate various cellular contaminants and then reinfusing the cleansed plasma back to the pt

A

plasmapheresis

36
Q

an autoimmune disorder characterized by extreme muscle weakness and fatigue due to the body’s inability to transmit nerve impulses to voluntary muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

37
Q

what is diagnosed with a tensilon test

A

myasthenia gravis

38
Q

diseases transmitted from one person to another is

A

communicable diseases

39
Q

what disease is transmitted direct contact, droplet or airborne

A

chicken pox or variccella-zoster

40
Q

what disease is caused by bacteria found in the mouth, nose and throat

A

pertussis-whooping cough

41
Q

look in book at 1933-1936

A

w

42
Q

how do u Dx german measles(rubella)

A

1st day head and upper torso is heavily covered; 3rd day lower half is heavily covered

43
Q

what is the test of HIV

A

ELISA

44
Q

to get HDV which other one must u have

A

HBV

45
Q

what are the 2 primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus gland and bone marrow

46
Q

name some peripheral lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and peyer’s patches of the small intestines

47
Q

what do the lymph nodes do

A

filter the lymphatic fluid and remove destroyed cellular matter

48
Q

what is the spleen

A

a reservoir for macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells

49
Q

WBC are

A

leukocytes

50
Q

granulocytes have granules in the cytoplasm of the cell and include

A

eosinophils, neutrophils and basophis

51
Q

agranulocytes do not have granular cytoplasms and include

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

52
Q

which type of WBC detoxify foreign proteins in allergic reactions and parasitic reactions

A

eosinophils

53
Q

which type of WBC are the most numerous of the WBC’s

A

neutrophils

54
Q

which type WBC contain heparin and histamine and serotonin

A

basophils

55
Q

CD4 are the

A

helper cells and are low in people with aids

56
Q

which are the largest WBC

A

monocytes

57
Q

fifth disease is also called

A

erythema infectiosum and hand, foot and mouth disease

58
Q

fifth disease is caused by

A

human parvovirus

59
Q

rubella is also called

A

german measles

60
Q

roseola is also called

A

sixth disease

61
Q

what is the first stage of rubeola or measles

A

runny nose, cough and a slight fever; eyes reddened and sensitive to light

62
Q

what is the second stage of rubeola

A

begins 3rd to 7th day; temp 103-105; koplik spots on gums and inside cheeks; red blotchy rash lasting 4-7 days on face and then spread over the entire body

63
Q

mononucleosis

A

epstein-barr virus

64
Q

with AIDS the CD4 results will be

A

less than 200

65
Q

normal CD4 is

A

greater than 1000

From Flashcardlet (21 decks)

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