fluid and electrolytes

Question 0

4 kinds of central IV therapy lines

Answer 0

1. PIC
2. External access
3. Internal access
4. hyperalimentation

Question 1

PIC

Answer 1

peripherally inserted catheter

Question 2

3 types of fluid

Answer 2

1. isotonic - same ph as blood
2. hypotonic - lower osmolality than blood
3. hypertonic - higher osmolality than blood

Question 3

5 complications of IV therapy

Answer 3

1. infiltration
2. phlebitis/thrombophlebitis
3. sepsis
4. fluid and electrolyte imbalance
5. air embolism

Question 4

what are the signs and symptoms of infiltration

Answer 4

cool skin, mild pain, lack of blood return

Question 5

what nursing interventions should be done if infiltration occurs

Answer 5

stop infusion, elevate the extremity, apply warm soaks-K-pad

Question 6

what are signs and symptoms of phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

Answer 6

redness, pain, swelling, red line streak, fever, sluggish flow of solution

Question 7

what nursing interventions should be done for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis

Answer 7

remove IV, monitor vital signs, notify MD, warm soaks

Question 8

what are site signs and symptoms for sepsis

Answer 8

erythema, warmth, hardness, purulent drainage

Question 9

what are systemic signs and symptoms of sepsis

Answer 9

fever, chills, elevated WBC’s

Question 10

nursing actions for sepsis

Answer 10

notify MD, monitor VS, culture

Question 11

circulatory overload signs and symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Answer 11

JVD, increased BP, crackles, dyspnea, cough, SOB, increased R, cardiac arrest

Question 12

What nursing action should be done for circulatory overload due to fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Answer 12

notify MD, slow infusion, O2, diuretics and other meds as ordered by MD, keep warm, elevate HOB

Question 13

for K, Na, Cl imbalances what nursing action should be done

Answer 13

replace as ordered by MD

Question 14

2 kinds of peripheral IV therapy

Answer 14

continuous or intermittant

Question 15

2 kinds of external access IV

Answer 15

triple lumen and hickman

Question 16

example of internal access

Answer 16

portocath

Question 17

What r the signs and symptoms of air embolisms

Answer 17

hypotension, weak rapid pulse, increased intracranial pressure, loss of consciousness

Question 18

how does air embolism happen

Answer 18

not clearing air out of tubing - 10cc can cause

Question 19

what nursing action should be done for air embolism

Answer 19

notify MD, clamp off IV, place pt on left side and lower HOB, O2, monitor VS

Question 20

in an inflammatory response what get called out first

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

how often do u change tubing on an IV

Answer 21

72 hrs

Question 22

how often should cathlons be changed

Answer 22

72 hrs

Question 23

how long does an opened bag stay good

Answer 23

24 hrs

Question 24

when r locks flushed

Answer 24

before and after med administration

Question 25

how much do us flush iv with

Answer 25

3-5 mL

Question 26

name some hazards of med administration

Answer 26

rapid effect, irritation to vein, infection, incompatibilities

Question 27

signs and symptoms of incompatibilities

Answer 27

fever/chills, rash, SOB

Question 28

nursing interventions for incompatibilities

Answer 28

stop blood, infuse NS, notify MD, send urine sample and blood sample to lab stat

Question 29

JVD

Answer 29

jugular vein distention

Question 30

1 liter = ____ lbs

Answer 30

2.2

Question 31

1 pint=____ lbs

Answer 31

1

Question 32

when amount of water gained exceeds the amount of water lost

Answer 32

hypervolemia

Question 33

movement of particles high or low

Answer 33

diffusion

Question 34

movement of water

Answer 34

osmosis

Question 35

______ and ______ are across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 35

diffusion and osmosis

Question 36

when administering intravenous fluids what should u limit fluids to unless emergency situation

Answer 36

1000mL over 4-8 hrs

Question 37

isotonic solution same osmolality with blood

Answer 37

NS or 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 38

has small amounts of K provides lactate which is metabolized in the liver to bicarbonate and helps buffer the blood if acidosis is present

Answer 38

lactated ringers or LR

Question 39

in adults bolus of ______ are common

Answer 39

500mL

Question 40

in children above one year bolus of ______mL/kg are common

Answer 40

20

Question 41

____mL/kg is used for under one year of age

Answer 41

10

Question 42

neonates may also receive __% albumin for volume expansion, usually in ___mL/kg bolus

Answer 42

5, 10

Question 43

______is normal equilibrium between intra and extra cellular

Answer 43

first spacing

Question 44

_________ is accumulation of interstitial fluid and edema

Answer 44

second spacing

Question 45

fluid accumulation in areas that normally have no fluid or minimal amount; amount of fluid loss is unmeasurable

Answer 45

third spacing

Question 46

pooling of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Answer 46

ascites

Question 47

2 primary electrolyte in extracellular

Answer 47

sodium and chloride

Question 48

primary electrolyte in intracellular fluid

Answer 48

potassium

Question 49

increased CO2 causes respiratory rate and depth to ____ so more CO2 can be exhaled

Answer 49

increased

Question 50

decreased CO2 causes respiratory rate and depth decrease so mor CO2 can be ____

Answer 50

retained

Question 51

_____ can cause more or less bicarb to be released into system

Answer 51

kidney

Question 52

kidney can cause more or less ____ ____ to be excreted

Answer 52

hydrogen ions

Question 53

influences irritability of nerves and muscles

Answer 53

sodium