Immune System Flashcards
Non specific defences
Barriers - skin nose hair cilia
Anti microbial substances
Phagocytosis
Immflammatory response
Natural killer cells
Barriers
Intact skin- as barrier to pathogen
Nose hair - filter system o stop foreign material entering respiratory tract
Cilia - moves mucus and inhaled foreign material towards throat o its coughed up or swallowed
Antimicrobial substances
Saliva - washes away food debris to prevent infection
Lysosozomes - antibacterial enzyme in tears
Hydrochloride acid- present in gastric acid
Antibodies - protective proteins
Interferons- chemicals produced by t lymphocytes macrophages and body cells that has been invaded by the virus
Phagocytosis
Attack digest and destroy foreign cells damaged cells and debris
Neutrophils - short love as toxic chemicals destroy them too
Macrophage - live longer and link non specific defences with specific immunity
Infammatory response purpose
Isolate inactivate and remove both causative agent and damaged tissue so that healing can take place
Signs of inflammatory
Redness swelling heat and pain
Substances relaeased in inflammatory
Histamine - mast cells and basophil
Serotonin- moats cels basophil and platelets
Prostataglandins- mast cells
Heparin- liver and mast cells
What happens in inflammatory response
Increased blood flow - arterioles dilate capillaries explained and provide more o2 - increased temp and more red
Cumulative of tissue fluid - fluid leaves blood vessels and move into space caused by increase blood flow and histamine and serotonin and prostaglandins making it more permeable
Migration of leukocytes - loss of fluid from blood thickens slowing the flow allowing white blood cells to make contact and adhere o vessel walls . Neutrophils is adhere to blood vessel lining
Natural killer cells
Non selective lymphocytes
Patrol body searching for abnormal host cell
Specific immunity
T cells
B cells
Antibodies
T cells where mature and migrate
Immature produced in bone marrow
Migrate to thymus gland iunder influence of thymus in
4 types of T cell
Helper - produce cytokines to promote and support macrophages and stimulate b cues to produce antibodies
Regulatory - acts as a brake turning off activated ba nd T cells protects foetus
Cytotoxic cells - release toxins that perforate the cell membrane - perforin
Memory - respond rapidly o subsequent encounters with same antigens
B cells where do mature
Immature produced and matured in bone marrow
B cells
T Helen cells enable b cells to enlarge and proliferateing making b cells provide long term munitions and lama cell which produce antibodies
Antibodies
IgD - combats disease
IgM - sign of recent invasion effective against virus appear first
IgA coats epitheal membrane and prevent antigen from crossing and invading tissue that’s deeper found in breast milk
IgE - on cell membranes of basophil and mast cells if binds to antigen has inflammatory response
