Genetics

Question 1

DNA structure

Answer 1

4 bases - adenine thymine = 3 H bonds cytosine and guanine = 2 H bonds
Phosphate deoxyribose and base

Question 2

DNA replication

Answer 2

DNA helical breaks h bonds between base pars
Primate starts process of rebuilding separated strands
Makes small piece of RNA which is a primer
Use complementary base pairing to rebuild double strand

Question 3

Transcription

Answer 3

DNA helicase unwinds double strand
Free RNA nucleotides pair up with complemenatary bases on one strand.
Bonded ny RNA polymerase
When gene has been transcribed the H bonds between DNA and mRNA break leaving double strand of DNA
mRNA leaves nucleus via pores

Question 4

Translation

Answer 4

mRNA attaches to ribosome
TRNA molecules bind to their specific amino acid and bring them to mRNA on the ribosome
2 tRNA molecules can fit on one ribosome at once
A peptide bond forms between 2 amino acids
Process continues until stop codon has been reached

Question 5

RNA structure

Answer 5

Singles strand
A,U,C,R
Ribose and phosphate and bases
Regulates gene expression
Found in cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 6

mRNA structure

Answer 6

Single stranded
Ribose
Uracil instead of thymine

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

Tightly coiled stands of DNA around a hi stone

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

Produced in mitosis
Daughter cells
All human cells apart from egg and sperm

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

Sperm and egg
2 chromosomes
Made by diploid cells via meiosis

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

2 alleles different Bb

Question 12

Homozygous

Answer 12

2 alleles the same BB

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

Observable physical property of organisms

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

1 cell division
In body cells
Produce 2 daughter cells
Identical diploid

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

2 cell divisions
Sex cells
4 haploid daughter cells

Question 16

Mitosis PMAT

Answer 16

Prophase - chromosomes condense
Metaphase- line up in middle
Anaphase. Chromosome pulled to different ends of the cell spindle fibres contract
Telophase - new membrane forms

Question 17

Codominant

Answer 17

Share effects between 2 allles

Question 18

Multiple allele

Answer 18

Some genes have more than 2 forms
ABO groups

Question 19

Polygenic

Answer 19

Several traits responsible from any given trait

Question 20

Multifactorial

Answer 20

Complex interaction of gene with environment