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Biology- 6th Year > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

Role of Vaccines
(in preventing diseases)

A
  • Non disease causing pathogen introduced into an organism
  • Stimulates immunity
  • Produces antibodies
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2
Q

How the general defense system fights infection

A
  • Skin
  • Clotting
  • Sweat Glands
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3
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Antibodies introduced into body
(e.g child recieves antibodies from breastmilk)

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4
Q

Antibodies

A

Chemicals made by white blood cells in response to antigens

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5
Q

Anti-biotics

A

Chemicals made by micro-organisms used to kill other micro-organisms

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6
Q

Immunity

A

Resistance to disease

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7
Q

e.g of defense mechanisms in the body

A
  • Dead cells in skin - physical or impenetrable barrier
  • Sweat - contains chemicals that kill micro-organisms
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8
Q

Role of Lymphoctytes in immunity

A
  • B-cells recognise antigen
  • Antibodies produced
  • Helper T-cells stimulate B-cell production
  • Killer T-cells attack infected cells
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9
Q

Active immunity

A

e.g Vaccination

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10
Q

Pathogen

A

A disease causing organism
(e.g bacteria, fungi)

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11
Q

Non-specific immune system

A

blocks or neutralises invading pathogens

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12
Q

Specific immune system

A

identify and target pathogens

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13
Q

Phagocytes

A

Specialised white blood cells engulf pathogens

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14
Q

Macrophages

A

Long lasting phagocytes in lymph tissue and the spleen

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15
Q

Complement proteins

A

Proteins which attract and burst pathogens in the blood

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16
Q

Interferons

A

A group of proteins produced in response to viral infection

17
Q

Antigen

A

Pathogen proteins that cause the production of antibodies

18
Q

How antibodies kill Pathogens

A
  • They prevent virus/bacteria entry into cells.
  • Cause the ‘clumping’ of pathogens
  • Trigger complement proteins
  • Pathogen cells burst
  • They bind to specific antigens allowing the pathogen to be destroyed by lymphocytes
19
Q

T- Cells

A
  • Killer Ts - produce perforin which attacks abnormal body cells
  • Helper Ts - Stimulate division of correct B cells
  • Suppressor Ts - prevent an overreaction
  • Memory Ts - stimulate Memory and Killer T cells
20
Q

Induced Immunity

A

The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

21
Q

Vaccination

A

The administration of a non-disease-causing dose of a pathogen or part of a pathogen which causes active immunity

Biology- 6th Year (22 decks)

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