Genetic crosses and heredity

Question 1

Chemical components that make up chromosomes

Answer 1

Protein
DNA

Question 2

Traits of female karyotype

Answer 2

Two X chromosomes
No Y chromosomes

Question 3

Evidence of Down syndrome

Answer 3

Extra chromosome present/
Three copies of a chromosome

Question 4

Gene mutation

Answer 4

Change in the structure of a single gene

Question 5

Application of tissue culture

Answer 5

Cancer research
Plant breeding
Stem cell research

Question 6

Heredity

Answer 6

Passing on from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 7

Gregor Mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 7

Traits are controlled by pairs of genes which separate at gamete formation

Question 8

Mendels 2nd law

Answer 8

Members of a pair of genes separate independently of members of another pair

Question 9

Allele

Answer 9

An alternative form of a gene

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

A piece of DNA that codes for the production of protein

Question 11

Gene Expression

Answer 11

The production of a protein using the genes code

Question 12

Sex linkage

Answer 12

A gene present on the X chromosome

Question 13

Agents that cause mutation

Answer 13

Chemicals
Radiation
Biological agent

Question 14

Characteristics of mutant alleles

Answer 14

random occurrence
low frequency
disadvantageous/advantageous

Question 15

Genetic engineering

Answer 15

Artificial manipulation of genes

Question 16

Steps in genetic engineering

Answer 16

Isolation- Removing DNA from a cell
Enzymes- DNA is cut using enzymes
Transformation- Uptake of DNA

Question 17

Genetic screening

Answer 17

Identify presence of a gene